2 <dfn>CD Markers</dfn> are helpful for producing Cue sheets and TOC files that
3 describe how tracks are laid out on a CD Audio media and how these tracks are
8 <img style="width:75%;" width="50%" src="/images/cd-markers.png"
9 alt="CD Markers ruler">
10 <figcaption>CD Markers ruler</figcaption>
13 <h2>Creating CD Markers</h2>
16 Ardour supports two types of CD markers: single and paired. Each one of them
17 works best in a particular scenario (more on that below).
21 There are several ways to create a single CD marker:
26 <kbd class="mouse mod1">Left</kbd>-clicking on the CD Markers ruler. This
27 places a marker named "mark<em>N</em>" where N is a number that starts
28 with 1 and is incremented by 1 (e.g. mark2, mark 3 etc.) for every next
32 <kbd class="mouse">Right</kbd>-clicking on the ruler and selecting
33 <kbd class="menu">New CD Track marker</kbd>.
36 Clicking the <kbd class="button">New Marker</kbd> button at the bottom of
37 the <kbd class="window">Ranges & Marks</kbd> sidebar, then enabling
38 the <kbd class="option">CD</kbd> checkbox for the newly created marker.
43 There are also several ways to create paired CD markers:
48 <kbd class="mouse mod1">Left</kbd>-clicking and dragging on the CD Markers
49 ruler will render a red-filled preview area that encompasses the future CD
50 marker range. Releasing the mouse button will create a pair of CD markers
51 named 'CD<em>N</em>' where N is a number that starts at 1 and is
52 icremented by 1 (e.g. CD2, CD3 etc.) for every next pair of CD marker ranges.
55 Creating a new pair of <a href="@@creating-range-markers">range markers</a>
56 in any supported way, then enabling the <kbd class="option">CD</kbd>
57 checkbox for the newly created range markers.
61 <h2>Choosing Between Single and Paired Markers</h2>
64 Single and paired CD markers both target dedicated use cases, which has a lot
65 to do with how tracks are laid in the Ardour session and how cue sheets work.
69 Single markers work best when each song starts immediately after the previous
70 one. In that case the cue sheet will only reference the beginning of each
71 song (the 'INDEX 01' section), and the TOC file will contain ranges that last
72 from the beginning of one song to the beginning of the next song.
76 Paired markers define a <em>range</em> that encompasses a song. This works
77 best when there are gaps between songs in the session. In that case, for each
78 song, the cue sheet will also contain the 'INDEX 00' section that will
79 reference the beginning of the pregap — the gap between songs. This
80 will tell CD authoring software which parts of the audio file to exclude from
81 burning to a CD. The TOC file will create ranges exactly as defined by paired
85 <h2>Editing CD Markers</h2>
88 There are several ways to rename CD markers (both single and paired ones):
93 Double-clicking on a marker or right-clicking on it and selecting the
94 <kbd class="menu">Renameā¦</kbd> (single markers) or the
95 <kbd class="menu">Rename Range</kbd> (paired markers) menu item brings up
96 the dialog where the name can be changed.
99 The name can also be changed in the
100 <kbd class="window">Ranges & Marks</kbd> sidebar by replacing the
101 existing one and pressing the <kbd>Enter</kbd> key.
106 CD marker name is primarily the name of the track visible in software and
107 equipment capable of displaying individual track names. Other disc metadata,
108 such as band name, year, total count of tracks etc. is defined in the
109 <a href="@@metadata">Edit Session Metadata</a> dialog.
113 There are additional fields for CD markers only available for editing in the
114 <kbd class="window">Ranges & Marks</kbd> sidebar. All this extra
115 information is written only into CUE and TOC files for CD authoring software.
122 The International Standard Recording Code, or
123 <a href="https://usisrc.org/">ISRC</a>, is a unique recording ID issued
124 by Recording Industry Association of America, Inc. for each track
131 A band, an orchestra, or an individual musician who performed on the
138 The composer who has authorship over the music in the track.
144 This enables the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS) which is a copy protection scheme that targets the use of digital audio tape (DAT) and allows the first generation of copies of the original track while preventing the second generation of copies (copies of copies).</td>
147 <th>Pre-Emphasis</th>
149 This targets the use of older CD playback equipment that uses a 14-bit
150 converter (while dealing with 16-bit data) and noisy filters to remove
151 frequencies higher than 22050 Hz (the Nyquist frequency). Unless treated
152 specifically, the use of such equipment results in noise especially
153 audible in higher frequencies. The pre-emphasis flag tells the CD
154 authoring software to do two things: apply an equalization curve to boost
155 higher, "weaker" frequencies, as well as write a pre-emphasis flag to the
156 subcode stored alongside audio data so that playback software or equipment
157 capable of de-emphasizing would process the data accordingly.
162 <h2>Removing CD Markers</h2>
165 CD markers can be deleted in several ways:
170 By clicking a marker and pressing the <kbd>Del</kbd> key.
173 By right-clicking on a markers and selecting
174 <kbd class="menu">Remove</kbd> (single marker) or
175 <kbd class="menu">Remove Range</kbd> (paired marker).
178 By clicking the markers' <kbd class="button">x</kbd> button in the
179 <em>Ranges & Marks</em> sidebar.
183 <h2>More Options</h2>
186 The <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd>-click menu for single and paired CD
187 markers replicates that of
188 <a href="@@creating-location-markers">location markers</a> and
189 <a href="@@creating-range-markers">range markers</a> respectively.