2 <dfn>CD Markers</dfn> are helpful for producing Cue sheets and TOC files that
3 describe how tracks are laid out on a CD Audio media and how these tracks are
8 <img style="width:75%;" width="50%" src="/images/cd-markers.png"
9 alt="CD Markers ruler">
10 <figcaption>CD Markers ruler</figcaption>
13 <h2>Creating CD Markers</h2>
16 Ardour supports two types of CD markers: single and paired. Each one of them
17 works best in a particular scenario (more on that below).
21 There are several ways to create a single CD marker:
26 <kbd class="mouse mod1">Left</kbd>-clicking on the CD Markers ruler. This
27 places a marker named "mark<em>N</em>" where N is a number that starts
28 with 1 and is incremented by 1 (e.g. mark2, mark 3 etc.) for every next
32 <kbd class="mouse">Right</kbd>-clicking on the ruler and selecting
33 <kbd class="menu">New CD Track marker</kbd>.
36 Any pre-existing location marker can be converted to a CD marker. Thus
37 clicking the <kbd>New Marker</kbd> button at the bottom of the
38 <kbd class="window">Ranges & Marks</kbd> sidebar, then enabling
39 the <kbd class="option">CD</kbd> checkbox for the newly created marker will
40 effectively create a new CD marker.
45 There are also several ways to create paired CD markers:
50 <kbd class="mouse mod1">Left</kbd>-clicking and dragging on the CD Markers
51 ruler will render a red-filled preview area that encompasses the future CD
52 marker range. Releasing the mouse button will create a pair of CD markers
53 named 'CD<em>N</em>' where N is a number that starts at 1 and is
54 icremented by 1 (e.g. CD2, CD3 etc.) for every next pair of CD marker ranges.
57 Creating a new pair of <a href="@@creating-range-markers">range markers</a>
58 in any supported way, then enabling the <kbd class="option">CD</kbd>
59 checkbox for the newly created range markers.
63 <h2>Choosing Between Single and Paired Markers</h2>
66 Single and paired CD markers both target dedicated use cases, which has a lot
67 to do with how tracks are laid in the Ardour session and how cue sheets work.
71 Single markers work best when each song starts immediately after the previous
72 one. In that case the cue sheet will only reference the beginning of each
73 song (the 'INDEX 01' section), and the TOC file will contain ranges that last
74 from the beginning of one song to the beginning of the next song.
78 Paired markers define a <em>range</em> that encompasses a song. This works
79 best when there are gaps between songs in the session. In that case, for each
80 song, the cue sheet will also contain the 'INDEX 00' section that will
81 reference the beginning of the pregap — the gap between songs. This
82 will tell CD authoring software which parts of the audio file to exclude from
83 burning to a CD. The TOC file will create ranges exactly as defined by paired
87 <h2>Editing CD Markers</h2>
90 There are several ways to rename CD markers (both single and paired ones):
95 Double-clicking on a marker or right-clicking on it and selecting the
96 <kbd class="menu">Renameā¦</kbd> (single markers) or the
97 <kbd class="menu">Rename Range</kbd> (paired markers) menu item brings up
98 the dialog where the name can be changed.
101 The name can also be changed in the
102 <kbd class="window">Ranges & Marks</kbd> sidebar by replacing the
103 existing one and pressing the <kbd>Enter</kbd> key.
108 CD marker name is primarily the name of the track visible in software and
109 equipment capable of displaying individual track names. Other disc metadata,
110 such as band name, year, total count of tracks etc. is defined in the
111 <a href="@@metadata">Edit Session Metadata</a> dialog.
115 There are additional fields for CD markers only available for editing in the
116 <kbd class="window">Ranges & Marks</kbd> sidebar. All this extra
117 information is written only into CUE and TOC files for CD authoring software.
124 The International Standard Recording Code, or
125 <a href="https://usisrc.org/">ISRC</a>, is a unique recording ID issued
126 by Recording Industry Association of America, Inc. for each track
133 A band, an orchestra, or an individual musician who performed on the
140 The composer who has authorship over the music in the track.
146 This enables the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS) which is a copy protection scheme that targets the use of digital audio tape (DAT) and allows the first generation of copies of the original track while preventing the second generation of copies (copies of copies).</td>
149 <th>Pre-Emphasis</th>
151 This targets the use of older CD playback equipment that uses a 14-bit
152 converter (while dealing with 16-bit data) and noisy filters to remove
153 frequencies higher than 22050 Hz (the Nyquist frequency). Unless treated
154 specifically, the use of such equipment results in noise especially
155 audible in higher frequencies. The pre-emphasis flag tells the CD
156 authoring software to do two things: apply an equalization curve to boost
157 higher, "weaker" frequencies, as well as write a pre-emphasis flag to the
158 subcode stored alongside audio data so that playback software or equipment
159 capable of de-emphasizing would process the data accordingly.
164 <h2>Removing CD Markers</h2>
167 CD markers can be deleted in several ways:
172 By clicking a marker and pressing the <kbd>Del</kbd> key.
175 By right-clicking on a markers and selecting
176 <kbd class="menu">Remove</kbd> (single marker) or
177 <kbd class="menu">Remove Range</kbd> (paired marker).
180 By clicking the markers' <kbd>x</kbd> button in the
181 <em>Ranges & Marks</em> sidebar.
185 <h2>More Options</h2>
188 The <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd>-click menu for single and paired CD
189 markers replicates that of
190 <a href="@@creating-location-markers">location markers</a> and
191 <a href="@@creating-range-markers">range markers</a> respectively.