<dfn>
encloses a newly introduced term that is being explained. Use for the first
occurrence of the main concept of every manual page, or the first occurrence
-of a new concept after a sub-heading if necessary.
+of a new concept after a sub-heading if necessary. Renders in bold face.
Keep in mind that <dfn> tags might be used to generate an index of keywords
- don't pollute it too much.
<abbr>
is used to explain an abbreviation such as <abbr title="Linux Audio
Developers Simple Plugin API">LADSPA</abbr>. Browsers will usually pop up the
-definition when the user hovers over the word.
+definition when the user hovers over the word. Renders as dotted underlined
+in most browsers.
On each page, use only for the first occurrence of every abbreviation. Avoid
a redundant explanation in the text - the expansion can easily be extracted
via CSS for printing.
textual user input should be marked with this element. It is used here in
the widest possible sense, qualified by classes.
E.g.:
-"Press <kbd>F</kbd> to fit all tracks to the height of the Editor window."
+"Press <kbd>f</kbd> to fit all tracks to the height of the Editor window."
"Move <kbd>Fader 1</kbd> on your MIDI controller to bind it.
"
Since modifier keys are not cross-platform and Ardour makes a point of
class="modN"
instead.
So if you want the user to press Ctrl-N on Linux, that's actually <kbd
-class="mod1">N</kbd>. It will render as "Ctrl+N" for you, and as "Cmd+N" for
+class="mod1">N</kbd>. It will render as "Ctrl N" for you, and as "Cmd N" for
your Mac-using friend. Nice, uh?
For anything you want the user to type, use <kbd> as a block-level element.
See above for other <kbd> classes to denote menu items, selections, mouse
events and controller actions.
-Keys and mouse key names should always be capitalized. We do not need to
-distringuish between "x" and "X", because the latter would be "Shift-X".
-In case you forget, the stylesheet takes care of this.
+Keys and mouse key names should always be entered lowercase, even though the
+stylesheet might capitalize them.
CSS Classes used with <kbd> are:
.modN
descriptive 'alt="A short textual description of the image content"'
element.
Images are usually placed as block-level elements, i.e. outside of a
-paragraph.
+paragraph, unless they are no higher than one row and make sense in the text
+flow.
5. Other conventions
====================
* If pages grow long, consider splitting them into sub-chapters at their
headings.
* Nobody needs "the next paragraph is about the following" paragraphs.
+
+5.6. Encoding
+-------------
+
+* Pages should be encoded in UTF-8, with Unix-style newlines if possible
+(although that's not critical). Avoid using verbatim special symbols, use
+HTML character entities instead, for example for cursor arrows: →
+← ↑ ↓. Diacriticals on vowels and other special letters are
+probably ok by now, so don't bother with é and friends, just type é.
---
layout: default
title: Default Keyboard Bindings
+menu-title: Key Bindings
---
-
-
-
-<p>Almost every available function in Ardour can be executed via a keyboard shortcut (or OSC command). There are many more functions available than there are keys on even the largest current computer keyboards, so only a subset of them are bound to keys by default.</p>
-
-<p>Ardour comes with a rich set of default bindings. The default bindings are "mnemonic" in that they focus on trying use to
-the letter that starts the name of an operation as the binding for
-that operation. This is not always possible, but it acts as a general
-rule. This does not necessarily lead to the best ergonomics for rapid
-editing - there are alternative binding sets for that - but it does
-make it simpler for newcomers to remember some of the most common
-bindings (e.g. "s" for "Split", "p" for "position playhead").</p>
-
-<p>Almost every key binding ("shortcut") in Ardour can be changed. From the main menu choose <code>Window > Key Bindings</code>.</p>
-
-<p>The conventions for using modifier keys (Control, Alt, Command
-etc.) differ from platform to platform, so we provide different
-bindings for each platform.</p>
-
-
+<p>
+ Almost every available function in Ardour can be bound to a keyboard
+ shortcut (and those few that cannot will usually respond to an <a
+ href="//using-control-surfaces/controlling-ardour-with-osc/"><abbr
+ title="Open Sound Control">OSC</abbr> command</a>). Ardour comes with a
+ rich set of default <dfn>key bindings</dfn> for the most commonly used
+ functions.
+</p>
+<p>These bindings strive to be <dfn>mnemonic</dfn>, that is, easy and intuitive
+ to remember, and follow widely accepted conventions. As a general rule,
+ the first letter of an operation will be used for as a shortcut, if
+ available. This does not necessarily lead to the best ergonomics for
+ rapid editing — there are alternative binding sets for that —
+ but it does make it simpler for newcomers to remember some of the most
+ useful ones, for example<br />
+ <kbd>S</kbd> for <kbd class="menu">Region > Edit > Split"</kbd>
+ or<br />
+ <kbd>P</kbd> for <kbd class="menu">Transport > Playhead > Playhead to Mouse</kbd>.
+</p>
+<p>
+ Almost every key binding in Ardour can be changed in
+ <kbd class="menu">Window > Key Bindings</kbd>.
+</p>
+<p>
+ The conventions for using modifier keys (<kbd class="mod1"> </kbd>, <kbd
+ class="mod2"> </kbd>, <kbd class="mod3"> </kbd> etc.) differ among platforms, so we
+ provide different default bindings for each.
+</p>
{% children %}
---
layout: default
title: Mnemonic Bindings for Linux
+menu-title: Linux
---
-
-
-<p>A printable cheat-sheet with these bindings is available for download in
-<a href="/files/a3_mnemonic_cheatsheet.pdf">US Letter</a> and
-<a href="/files/a3_mnemonic_cheatsheet-a4.pdf">A4</a> paper format.
+<p>
+ A printable cheat-sheet with the mnemonic bindings for <dfn>Linux</dfn>
+ is available for download in
+ <a href="/files/a3_mnemonic_cheatsheet.pdf">US Letter</a> and
+ <a href="/files/a3_mnemonic_cheatsheet-a4.pdf">A4</a> paper format.
+</p>
+<p>
+ This set of bindings assumes an en_US keyboard. However, most if not all
+ bindings will also work on other keyboards when you use the
+ <kbd>AltGr</kbd> to compose those glyphs that are not directly accessible.
</p>
-<h3>Transport & Recording Control</h3>
+<h2>Transport & Recording Control</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>destroy last recording</dt>
-<dd>Control+Delete</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">Del</kbd></dd>
<dt>engage record</dt>
-<dd>Shift+r</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">r</kbd></dd>
<dt>fast forward</dt>
-<dd>Shift+→</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">→</kbd></dd>
<dt>loop play (the loop range)</dt>
-<dd>l</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">l</kbd></dd>
<dt>rewind</dt>
-<dd>Shift+←</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">←</kbd></dd>
<dt>set playhead position</dt>
-<dd>p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>start recording</dt>
-<dd>Shift+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">Space</kbd></dd>
<dt>stop (keep loop/range play)</dt>
-<dd>Control+Alt+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod12">Space</kbd></dd>
<dt>stop and destroy</dt>
-<dd>Control+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">Space</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle auto play</dt>
-<dd>5</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">5</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle auto return</dt>
-<dd>6</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">6</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle click (metronome)</dt>
-<dd>7</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">7</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle playhead follows edits</dt>
-<dd>Shift+f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class=mod3">F</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle playhead tracking</dt>
-<dd>Control+f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">F</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle roll</dt>
-<dd>space</dd>
-<dt>toggle track rec-enable </dt>
-<dd>Shift+b</dd>
-<dt>toggle track solo status</dt>
-<dd>Alt+s</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">Space</kbd></dd>
+<dt>toggle selected track rec-enable </dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">b</kbd></dd>
+<dt>toggle selected track solo status</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">s</kbd></dd>
<dt>transition to reverse</dt>
-<dd>Shift+↓</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">↓</kbd></dd>
<dt>transition to roll</dt>
-<dd>Shift+↑</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">↑</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Session & File Handling</h3>
+
+<h2>Session & File Handling</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>add track(s) or bus(ses)</dt>
-<dd>Control+Shift+n</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">n</kbd></dd>
<dt>export session</dt>
-<dd>Win+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod4">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>import audio files</dt>
-<dd>Control+i</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">i</kbd></dd>
<dt>open a new session</dt>
-<dd>Control+n</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">n</kbd></dd>
<dt>open a recent session</dt>
-<dd>Control+Shift+o</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">o</kbd></dd>
<dt>open an existing session</dt>
-<dd>Control+o</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">o</kbd></dd>
<dt>quit</dt>
-<dd>Control+q</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">q</kbd></dd>
<dt>save session</dt>
-<dd>Control+s</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">s</kbd></dd>
<dt>snapshot session</dt>
-<dd>Control+Shift+s</dd>
-<dt>toggle sel. track MIDI input</dt>
-<dd>Alt+i</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">s</kbd></dd>
+<dt>toggle selected track MIDI input</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">i</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Changing What's Visible</h3>
+
+<h2>Changing What's Visible</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>fit tracks vertically</dt>
-<dd>f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">f</kbd></dd>
<dt>move selected tracks down</dt>
-<dd>Control+↓</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">↓</kbd></dd>
<dt>move selected tracks up</dt>
-<dd>Control+↑</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">↑</kbd></dd>
<dt>scroll down (page)</dt>
-<dd>PageDown</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">PgDn</kbd></dd>
<dt>scroll down (step)</dt>
-<dd>↓</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">↓</kbd></dd>
<dt>scroll up (page)</dt>
-<dd>PageUp</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">PgUp</kbd></dd>
<dt>scroll up (step)</dt>
-<dd>↑</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">↑</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle editor window mixer</dt>
-<dd>Shift+e</dd>
-<dt>toggle last 2 zoom states</dt>
-<dd>Shift+z</dd>
-<dt>zoom (x) to selected region(s)</dt>
-<dd>Control+Alt+z</dd>
-<dt>zoom (x+y) to selected region</dt>
-<dd>Alt+z</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">e</kbd></dd>
+<dt>visual undo</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">z</kbd></dd>
+<dt>zoom height to selected region(s)</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod12">z</kbd></dd>
+<dt>zoom height and time to selected region</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">z</kbd></dd>
<dt>zoom in</dt>
-<dd>=</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">=</kbd></dd>
<dt>zoom out</dt>
-<dd>-</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">-</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Window Visibility</h3>
+
+<h2>Window Visibility</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
-<dt> toggle locations dialog</dt>
-<dd>Alt+l</dd>
+<dt>toggle locations dialog</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">l</kbd>(ell)</dd>
<dt>focus on main clock</dt>
-<dd>KP_Divide</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="kp">÷</kbd></dd>
<dt>maximise editor space</dt>
-<dd>Control+Alt+f</dd>
-<dt>rotate editor & mixer window</dt>
-<dd>Alt+m</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod12">f</kbd></dd>
+<dt>switch between editor & mixer window</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">m</kbd></dd>
<dt>show rhythm ferret window </dt>
-<dd>Alt+f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">f</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle big clock</dt>
-<dd>Alt+b</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">b</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle color manager</dt>
-<dd>Alt+c</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">c</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle editor window</dt>
-<dd>Alt+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle global audio patchbay</dt>
-<dd>Alt+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle global midi patchbay</dt>
-<dd>Alt+Shift+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod23">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle key bindings editor</dt>
-<dd>Alt+k</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">k</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle preferences dialog</dt>
-<dd>Alt+o</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">o</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle preferences dialog</dt>
-<dd>Control+Shift+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">p</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Editing with Edit Point</h3>
-<p>Most edit functions operate on a single "Edit Point". The edit point can be any of: playhead (default), the mouse or an active marker. The choice of Edit Point (by default) also sets the Zoom Focus.</p>
+
+<h2>Editing with Edit Point</h2>
+<p>
+ Most edit functions operate on a single <dfn>Edit Point</dfn> (EP). The edit
+ point can be any of: playhead (default), the mouse or an active marker.
+ The choice of edit point (by default) also sets the <dfn>Zoom Focus</dfn>.
+</p>
+
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>EP to next region sync</dt>
-<dd>;</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">;</kbd></dd>
<dt>EP to prev region sync</dt>
-<dd>'</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">'</kbd></dd>
<dt>cycle to next grid snap mode</dt>
-<dd>2</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">2</kbd></dd>
<dt>cycle to next zoom focus</dt>
-<dd>1</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">1</kbd></dd>
<dt>insert from region list</dt>
-<dd>i</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">i</kbd></dd>
<dt>insert time</dt>
-<dd>Control+t</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">t</kbd></dd>
<dt>move EP to playhead</dt>
-<dd>Alt+Return</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">↵</kbd></dd>
<dt>next EP w/marker</dt>
-<dd>Control+`</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">`</kbd></dd>
<dt>next EP w/o marker</dt>
-<dd>`</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">`</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim back</dt>
-<dd>k</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">k</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim front</dt>
-<dd>j</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">j</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim region end to edit point</dt>
-<dd>Shift+}</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">}</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim region start to edit point</dt>
-<dd>Shift+{</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">{</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim region to end of prev region</dt>
-<dd>Control+j</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">j</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim region to start of next region</dt>
-<dd>Control+k</dd>
-<dt>use next grid unit</dt>
-<dd>3</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">k</kbd></dd>
+<dt>use previous grid unit</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="">3</kbd></dd>
<dt>use next grid unit</dt>
-<dd>4</dd>
-<dt>use next musical grid unit</dt>
-<dd>Control+4</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">4</kbd></dd>
<dt>use previous grid unit</dt>
-<dd>Control+3</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">3</kbd></dd>
+<dt>use next musical grid unit</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">4</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Aligning with the Edit Point</h3>
-<p>Align operations move regions so that their start/end/sync point is at the edit point. "Relative" operations
-just align the first region and moves other selected regions to maintain relative positioning.</p>
+
+<h2>Aligning with the Edit Point</h2>
+<p>
+ <dfn>Align operations</dfn> move regions so that their start/end/sync
+ point is at the edit point. <dfn>Relative</dfn> operations just align the first
+ region and moves other selected regions to maintain relative positioning.
+</p>
+
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>align end(s)</dt>
-<dd>Alt+a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>align start(s)</dt>
-<dd>Control+Win+a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod14">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>align start(s) relative</dt>
-<dd>Win+a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod4">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>align sync points</dt>
-<dd>Shift+a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>align sync points (relative)</dt>
-<dd>a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>range end to next prev edge</dt>
-<dd>Control+></dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">></kbd></dd>
<dt>range end to next region edge</dt>
-<dd>></dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">></kbd></dd>
<dt>range start to next region edge</dt>
-<dd>Control+<</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1"><</kbd></dd>
<dt>range start to prev region edge</dt>
-<dd><</dd>
+<dd><kbd class=""><</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Edit Point Playback</h3>
+
+<h2>Edit Point Playback</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>play edit range</dt>
-<dd>Alt+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">Space</kbd></dd>
<dt>play from EP & return</dt>
-<dd>Win+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod4">Space</kbd></dd>
<dt>play selected region(s)</dt>
-<dd>h</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">h</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Region Operations</h3>
+<h2>Region Operations</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>duplicate region (multi)</dt>
-<dd>Shift+d</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">d</kbd></dd>
<dt>duplicate region (once)</dt>
-<dd>Alt+d</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">d</kbd></dd>
<dt>export selected region(s)</dt>
-<dd>Control+Win+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod14">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>increase region gain</dt>
-<dd>^</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">^</kbd></dd>
<dt>move to original position</dt>
-<dd>Alt+o</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">o</kbd></dd>
<dt>mute/unmute</dt>
-<dd>Control+m</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">m</kbd></dd>
<dt>normalize</dt>
-<dd>n</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">n</kbd></dd>
<dt>nudge backward</dt>
-<dd>KP_Subtract</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="kp">–</kbd></dd>
<dt>nudge forward</dt>
-<dd>KP_Add</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="kp">+</kbd></dd>
<dt>quantize MIDI notes </dt>
-<dd>q</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">q</kbd></dd>
<dt>reduce region gain</dt>
-<dd>&</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">&</kbd></dd>
<dt>reverse</dt>
-<dd>Alt+r</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">r</kbd></dd>
<dt>set fade in length</dt>
-<dd>/</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">/</kbd></dd>
<dt>set fade out length</dt>
-<dd>\</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">\</kbd></dd>
<dt>set region sync point</dt>
-<dd>v</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">v</kbd></dd>
<dt>split</dt>
-<dd>s</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">s</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle fade in active</dt>
-<dd>Control+/</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">/</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle fade out active</dt>
-<dd>Control+\</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">\</kbd></dd>
<dt>transpose</dt>
-<dd>Alt+t</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">t</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Edit Range</h3>
-<p>There are only a few functions that refer to an "Edit Range". The current edit range is defined using combinations of the possible edit points: Playhead, Marker or Mouse.</p>
+
+<h2>Generic Editing</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>copy</dt>
-<dd>Control+c</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">c</kbd></dd>
<dt>cut</dt>
-<dd>Control+x</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">x</kbd></dd>
<dt>delete</dt>
-<dd>Delete</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">Del</kbd></dd>
<dt>paste</dt>
-<dd>Control+v</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">v</kbd></dd>
<dt>redo</dt>
-<dd>Control+r</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">r</kbd></dd>
<dt>undo</dt>
-<dd>Control+z</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">z</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Selecting</h3>
+
+<h2>Selecting</h2>
+<p class="note">
+ There are a few functions that refer to an <dfn>Edit Range</dfn>. The
+ current edit range is defined using combinations of the possible edit
+ points: <dfn>playhead</dfn>, <dfn>active marker</dfn>, or <dfn>mouse</dfn>.
+</p>
+
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>all after playhead</dt>
-<dd>Shift+Control+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>all before playhead</dt>
-<dd>Control+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>all enclosed by edit range</dt>
-<dd>Control+u</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">u</kbd></dd>
<dt>all present in edit range</dt>
-<dd>u</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">u</kbd></dd>
<dt>convert edit range to range</dt>
-<dd>F6</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">F6</kbd></dd>
<dt>invert selection</dt>
-<dd>Shift+i</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">i</kbd></dd>
<dt>select all after EP</dt>
-<dd>Control+Shift+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>select all before EP</dt>
-<dd>Control+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>select all in loop range</dt>
-<dd>Control+l</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">l</kbd></dd>
<dt>select all in punch range</dt>
-<dd>Control+d</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">d</kbd></dd>
<dt>select everything</dt>
-<dd>Control+a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>select next track/bus</dt>
-<dd>Alt+↓</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">↓</kbd></dd>
<dt>select previous track/bus</dt>
-<dd>Alt+↑</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">↑</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Defining Loop, Punch Range and Tempo Changes</h3>
+
+<h2>Defining Loop, Punch Range and Tempo Changes</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>set loop range from edit range</dt>
-<dd>]</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">]</kbd></dd>
<dt>set loop range from region(s)</dt>
-<dd>Alt+]</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">]</kbd></dd>
<dt>set punch range from edit range</dt>
-<dd>[</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">[</kbd></dd>
<dt>set punch range from region(s)</dt>
-<dd>Alt+[</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">[</kbd></dd>
<dt>set tempo (1 bar) from edit range</dt>
-<dd>0</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">0</kbd></dd>
<dt>set tempo (1 bar) from region(s)</dt>
-<dd>9</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">9</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<p> </p>
-<!-- remove this if more text is added below --><!-- remove this if more text is added below -->
+
layout: default
title: Mnemonic Bindings for OS X
---
-
-
-
-<p>A <a href="/files/a3_mnemonic_cheat_sheet_osx.pdf">printable cheat sheet</a> for these bindings is available for download.</p>
-<h3>Transport & Recording Control</h3>
+<p>
+ A <a href="/files/a3_mnemonic_cheat_sheet_osx.pdf">printable cheat sheet</a>
+ for these bindings is available for download.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Transport & Recording Control</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>destroy last recording</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Delete</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">Del</kbd></dd>
<dt>engage record</dt>
-<dd>Shift+r</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">r</kbd></dd>
<dt>fast forward</dt>
-<dd>Shift+→</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">→</kbd></dd>
<dt>loop play (the loop range)</dt>
-<dd>l</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">l</kbd></dd>
<dt>rewind</dt>
-<dd>Shift+←</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">←</kbd></dd>
<dt>set playhead position</dt>
-<dd>p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>start recording</dt>
-<dd>Shift+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">space</kbd></dd>
<dt>stop (keep loop/range play)</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Control+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod12">space</kbd></dd>
<dt>stop and destroy</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">space</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle auto play</dt>
-<dd>5</dd>
+<dd>5</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle auto return</dt>
-<dd>6</dd>
+<dd>6</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle click (metronome)</dt>
-<dd>7</dd>
+<dd>7</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle playhead follows edits</dt>
-<dd>Shift+f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">f</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle playhead tracking</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">f</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle roll</dt>
-<dd>space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">space</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle track rec-enable </dt>
-<dd>Shift+b</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">b</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle track solo status</dt>
-<dd>Control+s</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">s</kbd></dd>
<dt>transition to reverse</dt>
-<dd>Shift+↓</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">↓</kbd></dd>
<dt>transition to roll</dt>
-<dd>Shift+↑</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">↑</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Session & File Handling</h3>
+<h2>Session & File Handling</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>add track(s) or bus(ses)</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Shift+n</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">n</kbd></dd>
<dt>export session</dt>
-<dd>Mod1+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>import audio files</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+i</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">i</kbd></dd>
<dt>open a new session</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+n</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">n</kbd></dd>
<dt>open a recent session</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Shift+o</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">o</kbd></dd>
<dt>open an existing session</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+o</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">o</kbd></dd>
<dt>quit</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+q</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">q</kbd></dd>
<dt>save session</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+s</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">s</kbd></dd>
<dt>snapshot session</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Shift+s</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">s</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle sel. track MIDI input</dt>
-<dd>Control+i</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">i</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Changing What's Visible</h3>
+<h2>Changing What's Visible</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>fit tracks vertically</dt>
-<dd>f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">f</kbd></dd>
<dt>move selected tracks down</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+↓</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">↓</kbd></dd>
<dt>move selected tracks up</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+↑</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">↑</kbd></dd>
<dt>scroll down (page)</dt>
-<dd>PageDown</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">PgDn</kbd></dd>
<dt>scroll down (step)</dt>
-<dd>↓</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">↓</kbd></dd>
<dt>scroll up (page)</dt>
-<dd>PageUp</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">PageUp</kbd></dd>
<dt>scroll up (step)</dt>
-<dd>↑</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">↑</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle editor window mixer</dt>
-<dd>Shift+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle last 2 zoom states</dt>
-<dd>Shift+z</dd>
-<dt>zoom (x) to selected region(s)</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Control+z</dd>
-<dt>zoom (x+y) to selected region</dt>
-<dd>Control+z</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">z</kbd></dd>
+<dt>zoom height to selected region(s)</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">Control+z</kbd></dd>
+<dt>zoom height and time to selected region</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">z</kbd></dd>
<dt>zoom in</dt>
-<dd>=</dd>
+<dd>=</kbd></dd>
<dt>zoom out</dt>
-<dd>-</dd>
+<dd>-</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Window Visibility</h3>
+<h2>Window Visibility</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
-<dt> toggle locations dialog</dt>
-<dd>Control+l</dd>
+<dt>toggle locations dialog</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">l</kbd></dd>
<dt>focus on main clock</dt>
-<dd>KP_Divide</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="kp">÷</kbd></dd>
<dt>maximise editor space</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Control+f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod12">f</kbd></dd>
<dt>rotate editor & mixer window</dt>
-<dd>Control+m</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">m</kbd></dd>
<dt>show rhythm ferret window </dt>
-<dd>Control+f</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">f</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle big clock</dt>
-<dd>Control+b</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">b</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle color manager</dt>
-<dd>Control+c</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">c</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle editor window</dt>
-<dd>Control+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle global audio patchbay</dt>
-<dd>Control+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle global midi patchbay</dt>
-<dd>Control+Shift+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod23">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle key bindings editor</dt>
-<dd>Control+k</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">k</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle preferences dialog</dt>
-<dd>Control+o</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">o</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle preferences dialog</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Shift+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">p</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Editing with Edit Point</h3>
-<p>Most edit functions operate on a single "Edit Point". The edit point can be any of: playhead (default), the mouse or an active marker. The choice of Edit Point (by default) also sets the Zoom Focus.</p>
+
+<h2>Editing with Edit Point</h2>
+<p>
+ Most edit functions operate on a single <dfn>Edit Point</dfn> (EP). The
+ edit
+ point can be any of: playhead (default), the mouse or an active marker.
+ The choice of edit point (by default) also sets the <dfn>Zoom Focus</dfn>.
+</p>
+
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>EP to next region sync</dt>
-<dd>;</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">;</kbd></dd>
<dt>EP to prev region sync</dt>
-<dd>'</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">'</kbd></dd>
<dt>cycle to next grid snap mode</dt>
-<dd>2</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">2</kbd></dd>
<dt>cycle to next zoom focus</dt>
-<dd>1</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">1</kbd></dd>
<dt>insert from region list</dt>
-<dd>i</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">i</kbd></dd>
<dt>insert time</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+t</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">t</kbd></dd>
<dt>move EP to playhead</dt>
-<dd>Control+Return</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">Return</kbd></dd>
<dt>next EP w/marker</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+^</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">^</kbd></dd>
<dt>next EP w/o marker</dt>
-<dd>`</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">`</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim back</dt>
-<dd>k</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">k</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim front</dt>
-<dd>j</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">j</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim region end to edit point</dt>
-<dd>Shift+}</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">}</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim region start to edit point</dt>
-<dd>Shift+{</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">{</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim region to end of prev region</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+j</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">j</kbd></dd>
<dt>trim region to start of next region</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+k</dd>
-<dt>use next grid unit</dt>
-<dd>3</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">k</kbd></dd>
+<dt>use previous grid unit</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="">3</kbd></dd>
<dt>use next grid unit</dt>
-<dd>4</dd>
-<dt>use next musical grid unit</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+4</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">4</kbd></dd>
<dt>use previous grid unit</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+3</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">3</kbd></dd>
+<dt>use next musical grid unit</dt>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">4</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Aligning with the Edit Point</h3>
-<p>Align operations move regions so that their start/end/sync point is at the edit point. "Relative" operations
-just align the first region and moves other selected regions to maintain relative positioning.</p>
+
+<h2>Aligning with the Edit Point</h2>
+<p>
+ <dfn>Align operations</dfn> move regions so that their start/end/sync
+ point is at the edit point. <dfn>Relative</dfn> operations just align
+ the first region and moves other selected regions to maintain relative
+ positioning.
+</p>
+
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>align end(s)</dt>
-<dd>Control+a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>align start(s)</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Mod1+a</dd>
+<dd></dd>
<dt>align start(s) relative</dt>
-<dd>Mod1+a</dd>
+<dd></kbd></dd>
<dt>align sync points</dt>
-<dd>Shift+a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>align sync points (relative)</dt>
-<dd>a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>range end to next prev edge</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+></dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">></kbd></dd>
<dt>range end to next region edge</dt>
-<dd>></dd>
+<dd>></kbd></dd>
<dt>range start to next region edge</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+<</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1"><</kbd></dd>
<dt>range start to prev region edge</dt>
-<dd><</dd>
+<dd><</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Edit Point Playback</h3>
+
+<h2>Edit Point Playback</h2>
+
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>play edit range</dt>
-<dd>Control+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">Space</kbd></dd>
<dt>play from EP & return</dt>
-<dd>Mod1+space</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">Space</kbd></dd>
<dt>play selected region(s)</dt>
-<dd>h</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">h</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Region Operations</h3>
+<h2>Region Operations</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>duplicate region (multi)</dt>
-<dd>Shift+d</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">d</kbd></dd>
<dt>duplicate region (once)</dt>
-<dd>Control+d</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">d</kbd></dd>
<dt>export selected region(s)</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Mod1+e</dd>
+<dd></dd>
<dt>increase region gain</dt>
-<dd>^</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">^</kbd></dd>
<dt>move to original position</dt>
-<dd>Control+o</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">o</kbd></dd>
<dt>mute/unmute</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+m</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">m</kbd></dd>
<dt>normalize</dt>
-<dd>n</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">n</kbd></dd>
<dt>nudge backward</dt>
-<dd>KP_Subtract</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="kp">–</kbd></dd>
<dt>nudge forward</dt>
-<dd>KP_Add</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="kp">+</kbd></dd>
<dt>quantize MIDI notes </dt>
-<dd>q</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">q</kbd></dd>
<dt>reduce region gain</dt>
-<dd>&</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">&</kbd></dd>
<dt>reverse</dt>
-<dd>Control+r</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">r</kbd></dd>
<dt>set fade in length</dt>
-<dd>/</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">/</kbd></dd>
<dt>set fade out length</dt>
-<dd>\</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">\</kbd></dd>
<dt>set region sync point</dt>
-<dd>v</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">v</kbd></dd>
<dt>split</dt>
-<dd>s</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">s</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle fade in active</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+/</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">/</kbd></dd>
<dt>toggle fade out active</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+\</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">\</kbd></dd>
<dt>transpose</dt>
-<dd>Control+t</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">t</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Edit Range</h3>
-<p>There are only a few functions that refer to an "Edit Range". The current edit range is defined using combinations of the possible edit points: Playhead, Marker or Mouse.</p>
+
+<h2>Generic Editing</h2>
+
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>copy</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+c</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">c</kbd></dd>
<dt>cut</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+x</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">x</kbd></dd>
<dt>delete</dt>
-<dd>Delete</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">Del</kbd></dd>
<dt>paste</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+v</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">v</kbd></dd>
<dt>redo</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+r</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">r</kbd></dd>
<dt>undo</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+z</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">z</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Selecting</h3>
+
+<h2>Selecting</h2>
+<p class="note">
+ There are a few functions that refer to an <dfn>Edit Range</dfn>. The
+ current edit range is defined using combinations of the possible edit
+ points: <dfn>playhead</dfn>, <dfn>active marker</dfn>, or<dfn>mouse</dfn>.
+</p>
+
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>all after playhead</dt>
-<dd>Shift+Cmd+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod13">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>all before playhead</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+p</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">p</kbd></dd>
<dt>all enclosed by edit range</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+u</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">u</kbd></dd>
<dt>all present in edit range</dt>
-<dd>u</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">u</kbd></dd>
<dt>convert edit range to range</dt>
-<dd>F6</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">F6</kbd></dd>
<dt>invert selection</dt>
-<dd>Shift+i</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod3">i</kbd></dd>
<dt>select all after EP</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+Shift+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">Shift+e</kbd></dd>
<dt>select all before EP</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+e</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">e</kbd></dd>
<dt>select all in loop range</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+l</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">l</kbd></dd>
<dt>select all in punch range</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+d</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">d</kbd></dd>
<dt>select everything</dt>
-<dd>Cmd+a</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod1">a</kbd></dd>
<dt>select next track/bus</dt>
-<dd>Control+↓</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">↓</kbd></dd>
<dt>select previous track/bus</dt>
-<dd>Control+↑</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">↑</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<h3>Defining Loop, Punch Range and Tempo Changes</h3>
+<h2>Defining Loop, Punch Range and Tempo Changes</h2>
<dl class="bindings">
<dt>set loop range from edit range</dt>
-<dd>]</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">]</kbd></dd>
<dt>set loop range from region(s)</dt>
-<dd>Control+]</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">]</kbd></dd>
<dt>set punch range from edit range</dt>
-<dd>[</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">[</kbd></dd>
<dt>set punch range from region(s)</dt>
-<dd>Control+[</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="mod2">[</kbd></dd>
<dt>set tempo (1 bar) from edit range</dt>
-<dd>0</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">0</kbd></dd>
<dt>set tempo (1 bar) from region(s)</dt>
-<dd>9</dd>
+<dd><kbd class="">9</kbd></dd>
</dl>
-<p> </p>
-<!-- remove this if more text is added below --><!-- remove this if more text is added below -->
+
+
.mod1:before {
content: "Ctrl ";
}
-
.mod2:before {
content: "Alt ";
}
-
.mod3:before {
content: "Shift ";
}
-
.mod4:before {
content: "Win ";
}
-
.mod12:before {
content: "Ctrl Alt ";
}
-
.mod13:before {
content: "Ctrl Shift ";
}
-
.mod14:before {
content: "Ctrl Win ";
}
+.mod23:before {
+ content: "Alt Shift ";
+}
+.kp:before {
+ content: "Keypad ";
+}
.mac .mod1:before {
content: "Cmd ";
}
-
.mac .mod2:before {
content: "Ctrl ";
}
-
.mac .mod3:before {
content: "Shift ";
}
-
.mac .mod4:before {
content: "Opt ";
}
-
.mac .mod12:before {
content: "Cmd Ctrl ";
}
-
.mac .mod13:before {
content: "Cmd Shift ";
}
-
.mac .mod14:before {
content: "Cmd Opt ";
}
-
-
+.mac .mod23:before {
+ content: "Ctrl Shift ";
+}
#gs_tti0 {
projects / ardour-manual-diverged / commitdiff