// Apple 2 SDL Portable Apple Emulator
//
// by James Hammons
-// © 2017 Underground Software
+// © 2018 Underground Software
//
-// Loosely based on AppleWin by Tom Charlesworth which was based on AppleWin by
-// Oliver Schmidt which was based on AppleWin by Michael O'Brien. :-) Parts are
-// also derived from ApplePC. Too bad it was closed source--it could have been
-// *the* premier Apple II emulator out there.
+// Parts loosely inspired by AppleWin by Tom Charlesworth which was based on
+// AppleWin by Oliver Schmidt which was based on AppleWin by Michael O'Brien.
+// :-) Some parts (mainly TV rendering) are derived from ApplePC. Too bad it
+// was closed source--it could have been *the* premier Apple II emulator out
+// there.
//
// JLH = James Hammons <jlhamm@acm.org>
//
// STILL TO DO:
//
// - Port to SDL [DONE]
-// - GUI goodies
// - Weed out unneeded functions [DONE]
// - Disk I/O [DONE]
// - 128K IIe related stuff [DONE]
-// - State loading/saving
+// - State loading/saving [DONE]
+// - GUI goodies
+//
+// BUGS:
+//
+// - Having a directory in the ${disks} directory causes a segfault in floppy
//
#include "apple2.h"
#include <string>
#include <time.h>
#include "firmware.h"
-#include "floppy.h"
+#include "floppydrive.h"
+#include "harddrive.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "mmu.h"
+#include "mockingboard.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "sound.h"
#include "timing.h"
-#include "v65c02.h"
#include "video.h"
#include "gui/gui.h"
+#include "gui/diskselector.h"
// Debug and misc. defines
uint8_t ram2[0x10000]; // Auxillary RAM
V65C02REGS mainCPU; // v65C02 execution context
uint8_t appleType = APPLE_TYPE_IIE;
-FloppyDrive floppyDrive;
bool powerStateChangeRequested = false;
+uint64_t frameCycleStart;
-// Local variables (actually, they're global since they're not static)
+uint64_t frameTicks = 0;
+uint64_t frameTime[60];
+uint32_t frameTimePtr = 0;
+
+// Exported variables
uint8_t lastKeyPressed = 0;
bool keyDown = false;
bool closedAppleDown = false;
bool store80Mode = false;
bool vbl = false;
-bool slotCXROM = false;
+bool intCXROM = false;
bool slotC3ROM = false;
+bool intC8ROM = false;
bool ramrd = false;
bool ramwrt = false;
bool altzp = false;
bool dhires = false;
// Language card state (ROM read, no write)
uint8_t lcState = 0x02;
+uint8_t blinkTimer = 0;
static bool running = true; // Machine running state flag...
-static uint32_t startTicks;
+static uint64_t startTicks;
static bool pauseMode = false;
static bool fullscreenDebounce = false;
-static bool capsLock = false;
-static bool capsLockDebounce = false;
static bool resetKeyDown = false;
static int8_t hideMouseTimeout = 60;
static void SaveApple2State(const char * filename);
static bool LoadApple2State(const char * filename);
static void ResetApple2State(void);
+static void AppleTimer(uint16_t);
// Local timer callback functions
static bool cpuFinished = false;
// NB: Apple //e Manual sez 6502 is running @ 1,022,727 Hz
+// This is a lie. At the end of each 65 cycle line, there is an elongated
+// cycle (the so-called 'long' cycle) that throws the calcs out of whack.
+// So actually, it's supposed to be 1,020,484.32 Hz
// Let's try a thread...
//
// Here's how it works: Execute 1 frame's worth, then sleep. Other stuff wakes
// it up.
//
+static uint32_t sampleCount;
+static uint64_t sampleClock, lastSampleClock;
int CPUThreadFunc(void * data)
{
// Mutex must be locked for conditional to work...
SDL_mutex * cpuMutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
#ifdef CPU_THREAD_OVERFLOW_COMPENSATION
- float overflow = 0.0;
+// float overflow = 0.0;
#endif
do
{
+uint64_t cpuFrameTickStart = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
+uint64_t oldClock = mainCPU.clock;
+sampleCount = 0;
+sampleClock = lastSampleClock = mainCPU.clock;
// decrement mainSem...
#ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
WriteLog("CPU: SDL_SemWait(mainSem);\n");
// There are exactly 800 slices of 21.333 cycles per frame, so it works
// out evenly.
+ // [Actually, seems it's 786 slices of 21.666 cycles per frame]
+
+ // Set our frame cycle counter to the correct # of cycles at the start
+ // of this frame
+ frameCycleStart = mainCPU.clock - mainCPU.overflow;
#ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
WriteLog("CPU: Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles);\n");
#endif
- for(int i=0; i<800; i++)
+ for(int i=0; i<262; i++)
{
- uint32_t cycles = 21;
- overflow += 0.333333334;
-
- if (overflow > 1.0)
- {
- cycles++;
- overflow -= 1.0;
- }
-
// If the CTRL+Reset key combo is being held, make sure the RESET
// line stays asserted:
if (resetKeyDown)
mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
- Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles);
- WriteSampleToBuffer();
+ Execute65C02(&mainCPU, 65);
- // Dunno if this is correct (seems to be close enough)...
- vbl = (i < 670 ? true : false);
+ // According to "Understanding The Apple IIe", VBL asserted after
+ // the last byte of the screen is read and let go on the first read
+ // of the first byte of the screen. We now know that the screen
+ // starts on line #6 and ends on line #197 (of the vertical
+ // counter--actual VBLANK proper happens on lines 230 thru 233).
+ vbl = ((i >= 6) && (i <= 197) ? true : false);
}
+//WriteLog("*** Frame ran for %d cycles (%.3lf µs, %d samples).\n", mainCPU.clock - oldClock, ((double)(SDL_GetPerformanceCounter() - cpuFrameTickStart) * 1000000.0) / (double)SDL_GetPerformanceFrequency(), sampleCount);
+// frameTicks = ((SDL_GetPerformanceCounter() - startTicks) * 1000) / SDL_GetPerformanceFrequency();
+/*
+Other timings from UTA2E:
+Power-up reset 32.6 msec / 512 horizontal scans
+Flash cycle 1.87 Hz / Vertical freq./32
+Delay before auto repeat 534-801 msec / 32-48 vertical scans
+Auto repeat frequency 15 Hz / Vertical freq./4
+Vertical frequency 59.94 Hz (actually, 59.92 Hz [59.92274339401])
+Horizontal frequency 15,734 Hz (actually, 15700 Hz)
+1 NTSC frame = 17030 cycles (N.B.: this works out to 1021800 cycles per sec.)
+NTSC clock frequency ("composite" freq.) is 1.02048432 MHz, which is 14.31818 x (65 / (65 x 14 + 2)) MHz.
+1 line = 65 cycles
+70 blank lines for top margin, 192 lines for screen, (35 & 35?)
+VA-C,V0-5 is upcounter starting at 011111010 ($FA) to 111111111 ($1FF)
+Horizontal counter is upcounter resets to 0000000, then jumps to 1000000 &
+counts up to 1111111 (bit 7 is Horizontal Preset Enable, which resets the counter when it goes low, the rest are H0-5)
+
+pg. 3-24 says one cycle before VBL the counters will be at
+010111111/1111111 (that doesn't look right to me...)
+
+Video address bits:
+
+A0 <- H0
+A1 <- H1
+A2 <- H2
+A3 <- SUM-A3
+A4 <- SUM-A4
+A5 <- SUM-A5
+A6 <- SUM-A6
+A7 <- V0
+A8 <- V1
+A9 <- V2
+
+SUMS are calculated like so:
+
+ 1 1 0 1
+ H5 H4 H3
+ V4 V3 V4 V3
+------------------------------
+SUM-A6 SUM-A5 SUM-A4 SUM-A3
+
+In TEXT mode, A10 == (80STORE' * PAGE2)', A11 == 80STORE' * PAGE2
+A12-A15 == 0
+
+In HIRES mode, A13 == (PAGE2 * 80STORE')', A14 == PAGE2 * 80STORE'
+A10 == VA, A11 == VB, A12 == VC, A15 == 0
+
+N.B.: VA-C are lower bits than V5-0
+
+HC, from 00, 0 to 23 is the HBL interval, with horizontal retrace occuring between cycles 8 and 11.
+VC, from line 0-5 and 198-261 is the VBL interval, with vertical retrace occuring between lines 230-233
+
+*/
+
#ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
WriteLog("CPU: SDL_mutexP(cpuMutex);\n");
#endif
}
-const uint8_t stateHeader[19] = "APPLE2SAVESTATE1.0";
+const uint8_t stateHeader[19] = "APPLE2SAVESTATE1.2";
static void SaveApple2State(const char * filename)
{
WriteLog("Main: Saving Apple2 state...\n");
fputc((uint8_t)closedAppleDown, file);
fputc((uint8_t)store80Mode, file);
fputc((uint8_t)vbl, file);
- fputc((uint8_t)slotCXROM, file);
+ fputc((uint8_t)intCXROM, file);
fputc((uint8_t)slotC3ROM, file);
+ fputc((uint8_t)intC8ROM, file);
fputc((uint8_t)ramrd, file);
fputc((uint8_t)ramwrt, file);
fputc((uint8_t)altzp, file);
fputc(lcState, file);
// Write out floppy state
- floppyDrive.SaveState(file);
+ floppyDrive[0].SaveState(file);
+
+ // Write out Mockingboard state
+ MBSaveState(file);
fclose(file);
}
closedAppleDown = (bool)fgetc(file);
store80Mode = (bool)fgetc(file);
vbl = (bool)fgetc(file);
- slotCXROM = (bool)fgetc(file);
+ intCXROM = (bool)fgetc(file);
slotC3ROM = (bool)fgetc(file);
+ intC8ROM = (bool)fgetc(file);
ramrd = (bool)fgetc(file);
ramwrt = (bool)fgetc(file);
altzp = (bool)fgetc(file);
lcState = fgetc(file);
// Read in floppy state
- floppyDrive.LoadState(file);
+ floppyDrive[0].LoadState(file);
+ // Read in Mockingboard state
+ MBLoadState(file);
fclose(file);
// Make sure things are in a sane state before execution :-P
mainCPU.RdMem = AppleReadMem;
mainCPU.WrMem = AppleWriteMem;
+ mainCPU.Timer = AppleTimer;
ResetMMUPointers();
return true;
closedAppleDown = false;
store80Mode = false;
vbl = false;
- slotCXROM = false;
+ intCXROM = false;
slotC3ROM = false;
+ intC8ROM = false;
ramrd = false;
ramwrt = false;
altzp = false;
dhires = false;
lcState = 0x02;
ResetMMUPointers();
+ MBReset();
// Without this, you can wedge the system :-/
memset(ram, 0, 0x10000);
+ memset(ram2, 0, 0x10000);
mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
}
+static double cyclesForSample = 0;
+static void AppleTimer(uint16_t cycles)
+{
+ // Handle PHI2 clocked stuff here...
+ MBRun(cycles);
+ floppyDrive[0].RunSequencer(cycles);
+
+#if 1
+ // Handle sound
+ // 21.26009 cycles per sample @ 48000 (running @ 1,020,484.32 Hz)
+ // 16.688154500083 ms = 1 frame
+ cyclesForSample += (double)cycles;
+
+ if (cyclesForSample >= 21.26009)
+ {
+#if 0
+sampleClock = mainCPU.clock;
+WriteLog(" cyclesForSample = %lf (%d samples, cycles=%d)\n", cyclesForSample, sampleClock - lastSampleClock, cycles);
+sampleCount++;
+lastSampleClock = sampleClock;
+#endif
+ WriteSampleToBuffer();
+ cyclesForSample -= 21.26009;
+ }
+#endif
+}
+
+
#ifdef CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
uint8_t counter = 0;
uint32_t totalCPU = 0;
LoadSettings();
srand(time(NULL)); // Initialize RNG
+#if 0
+// Make some timing/address tables
+
+ for(uint32_t line=0; line<262; line++)
+ {
+ WriteLog("LINE %03i: ", line);
+
+ for(uint32_t col=0; col<65; col++)
+ {
+ // Convert these to H/V counters
+ uint32_t hcount = col - 1;
+
+ // HC sees zero twice:
+ if (hcount == 0xFFFFFFFF)
+ hcount = 0;
+
+ uint32_t vcount = line + 0xFA;
+
+ // Now do the address calculations
+ uint32_t sum = 0xD + ((hcount & 0x38) >> 3)
+ + (((vcount & 0xC0) >> 6) | ((vcount & 0xC0) >> 4));
+ uint32_t address = ((vcount & 0x38) << 4) | ((sum & 0x0F) << 3) | (hcount & 0x07);
+
+ // Add in particulars for the gfx mode we're in...
+ if (false)
+ // non hires
+ address |= (!(!store80Mode && displayPage2) ? 0x400 : 0)
+ | (!store80Mode && displayPage2 ? 0x800 : 0);
+ else
+ // hires
+ address |= (!(!store80Mode && displayPage2) ? 0x2000: 0)
+ | (!store80Mode && displayPage2 ? 0x4000 : 0)
+ | ((vcount & 0x07) << 10);
+
+ WriteLog("$%04X ", address);
+ }
+
+ WriteLog("\n");
+ }
+
+#endif
+
// Zero out memory
memset(ram, 0, 0x10000);
memset(rom, 0, 0x10000);
SetupAddressMap();
ResetMMUPointers();
+ // Install devices in slots
+ InstallFloppy(SLOT6);
+ InstallMockingboard(SLOT4);
+ InstallHardDrive(SLOT7);
+
// Set up V65C02 execution context
memset(&mainCPU, 0, sizeof(V65C02REGS));
mainCPU.RdMem = AppleReadMem;
mainCPU.WrMem = AppleWriteMem;
+ mainCPU.Timer = AppleTimer;
mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
if (!LoadImg(settings.BIOSPath, rom + 0xC000, 0x4000))
}
GUI::Init(sdlRenderer);
+
WriteLog("About to initialize audio...\n");
SoundInit();
WriteLog("Unable to use Apple2 state file \"%s\"!\n", settings.autoStatePath);
}
+/*
+So, how to run this then? Right now, we have two separate threads, one for the CPU and one for audio. The screen refresh is tied to the CPU thread.
+
+To do this properly, however, we need to execute approximately 1,020,484.32 cycles per second, and we need to tie the AY/regular sound to this rate. Video should happen still approximately 60 times a second, even though the real thing has a frame rate of 59.92 Hz.
+
+Right now, the speed of the CPU is tied to the host system's refresh rate (which seems to be somewhere around 59.9 Hz). Under this regime, the sound thread is starved much of the time, which means there's a timing mismatch somewhere between the sound thread and the CPU thread and the video (main) thread.
+
+Other considerations: Even though we know the exact amount of cycles for one frame (17030 cycles to be exact), because the video frame rate is slightly under 60 (~59.92) the amount of time those cycles take can't be tied to the host system refresh rate, as they won't be the same (it will have about 8,000 or so more cycles in one second than it should have using 60 frames per second as the base frequency). However, we do know that the system clock is 14.318180 MHz, and we do know that 1 out of every 65 cycles will take 2 extra ticks of the system clock (cycles are normally 14 ticks of the system clock). So, by virtue of this, we know how long one frame is in seconds exactly (which would be (((65 * 14) + 2) * 262) / 14318180 = 16.688154500083 milliseconds).
+
+So we need to decouple the CPU thread from the host video thread, and have the CPU frame run at its rate so that it will complete its running in its alloted time. We also need to have a little bit of cushion for the sound thread, so that its buffer doesn't starve. Assuming we get the timing correct, it will pull ahead and fall behind and all average out in the end.
+
+
+*/
+
running = true;
InitializeEventList();
// Set frame to fire at 1/60 s interval
SetCallbackTime(FrameCallback, 16666.66666667);
// Set up blinking at 1/4 s intervals
- SetCallbackTime(BlinkTimer, 250000);
+// SetCallbackTime(BlinkTimer, 250000);
startTicks = SDL_GetTicks();
#ifdef THREADED_65C02
while (running)
{
+#ifdef CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
double timeToNextEvent = GetTimeToNextEvent();
+#endif
#ifndef THREADED_65C02
Execute65C02(&mainCPU, USEC_TO_M6502_CYCLES(timeToNextEvent));
if (settings.autoStateSaving)
SaveApple2State(settings.autoStatePath);
- floppyDrive.SaveImage(0);
- floppyDrive.SaveImage(1);
+ floppyDrive[0].SaveImage(0);
+ floppyDrive[0].SaveImage(1);
+
+#if 0
+#include "dis65c02.h"
+static char disbuf[80];
+uint16_t pc=0x801;
+while (pc < 0x9FF)
+{
+ pc += Decode65C02(&mainCPU, disbuf, pc);
+ WriteLog("%s\n", disbuf);
+}
+#endif
SoundDone();
VideoDone();
// Letters a-z (lowercase)
//
// N.B.: The Apple //e keyboard maps its shift characters like most modern US
-// keyboards, so this table should suffice for the shifted keys just fine.
+// keyboards, so this table should suffice for the shifted keys just
+// fine.
//
uint8_t apple2e_keycode[4][56] = {
{ // Normal
SDL_Event event;
uint8_t keyIndex;
+ frameTimePtr = (frameTimePtr + 1) % 60;
+ frameTime[frameTimePtr] = startTicks;
+
while (SDL_PollEvent(&event))
{
switch (event.type)
{
//seems to leave the machine in an inconsistent state vis-a-vis the language card... [does it anymore?]
resetKeyDown = true;
+ // Need to reset the MMU switches as well on RESET
+ intCXROM = false;
+ slotC3ROM = false;
+ intC8ROM = false;
break;
}
keyDown = true;
// Handle Caps Lock
- if (capsLock
+ if ((SDL_GetModState() & KMOD_CAPS)
&& (lastKeyPressed >= 0x61) && (lastKeyPressed <= 0x7A))
lastKeyPressed -= 0x20;
// Handle key repeat if the key hasn't been held
-// if (keyDelay == 0)
- keyDelay = 15;
-
+ keyDelay = 15;
keyDownCount++;
// Buffer the key held. Note that the last key is always
openAppleDown = true;
else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RALT)
closedAppleDown = true;
- // Toggle the disassembly process
- else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F11)
- dumpDis = !dumpDis;
-
-/*else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F9)
-{
- floppyDrive.CreateBlankImage(0);
-// SpawnMessage("Image cleared...");
-}//*/
-/*else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F10)
-{
- floppyDrive.SwapImages();
-// SpawnMessage("Image swapped...");
-}//*/
-
else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F2)
TogglePalette();
else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F3)
CycleScreenTypes();
+ else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F4)
+ ToggleTickDisplay();
else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F5)
{
VolumeDown();
SpawnMessage("Volume: %s", volStr);
}
+ else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F7)
+ {
+ // 4th root of 2 is ~1.18920711500272 (~1.5 dB)
+ // This attenuates by ~3 dB
+ VAY_3_8910::maxVolume /= 1.4142135f;
+ SpawnMessage("MB Volume: %d", (int)VAY_3_8910::maxVolume);
+ }
+ else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F8)
+ {
+ VAY_3_8910::maxVolume *= 1.4142135f;
+ SpawnMessage("MB Volume: %d", (int)VAY_3_8910::maxVolume);
+ }
+else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F9)
+{
+ floppyDrive[0].CreateBlankImage(1);
+// SpawnMessage("Image cleared...");
+}//*/
+/*else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F10)
+{
+ floppyDrive[0].SwapImages();
+// SpawnMessage("Image swapped...");
+}//*/
+ // Toggle the disassembly process
+ else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F11)
+ {
+ dumpDis = !dumpDis;
+ SpawnMessage("Trace: %s", (dumpDis ? "ON" : "off"));
+ }
else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F12)
{
if (!fullscreenDebounce)
fullscreenDebounce = true;
}
}
- else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_CAPSLOCK)
- {
- if (!capsLockDebounce)
- {
- capsLock = !capsLock;
- capsLockDebounce = true;
- }
- }
break;
case SDL_KEYUP:
if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F12)
fullscreenDebounce = false;
- else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_CAPSLOCK)
- capsLockDebounce = false;
// Paddle buttons 0 & 1
else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LALT)
openAppleDown = false;
// Hide the mouse if it's been 1s since the last time it was moved
// N.B.: Should disable mouse hiding if it's over the GUI...
- if (hideMouseTimeout > 0)
+ if ((hideMouseTimeout > 0) && !(GUI::sidebarState == SBS_SHOWN || DiskSelector::showWindow == true))
hideMouseTimeout--;
else if (hideMouseTimeout == 0)
{
// Stuff the Apple keyboard buffer, if any keys are pending
// N.B.: May have to simulate the key repeat delay too [yup, sure do]
+ // According to "Understanding the Apple IIe", the initial delay is
+ // between 32 & 48 jiffies and the repeat is every 4 jiffies.
if (keyDownCount > 0)
{
keyDelay--;
powerStateChangeRequested = false;
}
+ blinkTimer = (blinkTimer + 1) & 0x1F;
+
+ if (blinkTimer == 0)
+ flash = !flash;
+
// Render the Apple screen + GUI overlay
RenderAppleScreen(sdlRenderer);
GUI::Render(sdlRenderer);
#endif
// This is the problem: If you set the interval to 16, it runs faster than
-// 1/60s per frame. If you set it to 17, it runs slower. What we need is to
-// have it do 16 for one frame, then 17 for two others. Then it should average
-// out to 1/60s per frame every 3 frames. [And now it does!]
+// 1/60s per frame. If you set it to 17, it runs slower. What we need is to
+// have it do 16 for one frame, then 17 for two others. Then it should average
+// out to 1/60s per frame every 3 frames. [And now it does!]
+// Maybe we need a higher resolution timer, as the SDL_GetTicks() (in ms) seems
+// to jitter all over the place...
frameCount = (frameCount + 1) % 3;
- uint32_t waitFrameTime = 17 - (frameCount == 0 ? 1 : 0);
+// uint32_t waitFrameTime = 17 - (frameCount == 0 ? 1 : 0);
+ // Get number of ticks burned in this frame, for displaying elsewhere
+#if 0
+ frameTicks = SDL_GetTicks() - startTicks;
+#else
+ frameTicks = ((SDL_GetPerformanceCounter() - startTicks) * 1000) / SDL_GetPerformanceFrequency();
+#endif
// Wait for next frame...
- while (SDL_GetTicks() - startTicks < waitFrameTime)
- SDL_Delay(1);
+// while (SDL_GetTicks() - startTicks < waitFrameTime)
+// SDL_Delay(1);
+#if 0
startTicks = SDL_GetTicks();
+#else
+ startTicks = SDL_GetPerformanceCounter();
+#endif
#if 0
uint64_t cpuCycles = GetCurrentV65C02Clock();
uint32_t cyclesBurned = (uint32_t)(cpuCycles - lastCPUCycles);
projects / apple2 / blobdiff