rely on it for important production work while the dust settles.
</p>
<p>
- <dfn><abbr title="Vector-base Amplitude Panning">VBAP</abbr></dfn>
+ <dfn><abbr title="Vector-base Amplitude Panning">VBAP</abbr></dfn>
is a versatile and straightforward method to pan a source around over an
arbitrary number of speakers on a horizontal polygon or a 3D surface,
even if the speaker layout is highly irregular.
<p>
VBAP was developed by Ville Pulkki at Aalto University, Helsinki, in 2001.
It works by distributing the signal to the speakers nearest to the desired
- direction with appropriate weightings, aiming to create a maximally sharp
+ direction with appropriate weightings, aiming to create a maximally sharp
phantom source by using as few speakers as possible:
</p>
<ul>
<p>
Thus, if you move the panner onto a speaker, you can be sure that only
this speaker will get any signal. This is handy when you need precise
- 1:1 routing.<br />
- The drawback of VBAP is that a moving source will constantly change its
- apparent sharpness, as it transitions between the three states mentioned
+ 1:1 routing.<br>
+ The drawback of VBAP is that a moving source will constantly change its
+ apparent sharpness, as it transitions between the three states mentioned
above.
</p>
<p>
A <dfn>horizontal</dfn> VBAP panner has one parameter, the <dfn>azimuth
- angle</dfn>. A <dfn>full-sphere</dfn> panner offers an additional
+ angle</dfn>. A <dfn>full-sphere</dfn> panner offers an additional
<dfn>elevation angle</dfn> control.
</p>
<p class="note">
More elaborate implementations of VBAP also include a
- <dfn>spread</dfn> parameter, which will distribute the signal over a
- greater number of speakers in order to maintain constant (but no longer
- maximal) sharpness, regardless of position. Ardour's VBAP panner does not
+ <dfn>spread</dfn> parameter, which will distribute the signal over a
+ greater number of speakers in order to maintain constant (but no longer
+ maximal) sharpness, regardless of position. Ardour's VBAP panner does not
currently include this feature.
</p>
<h2>Speaker layout</h2>
<p>
- Each VBAP panner is specific to its <dfn>speaker layout</dfn>
- — the panner has
+ Each VBAP panner is specific to its <dfn>speaker layout</dfn>—the
+ panner has
to "know" about the precise location of all the speakers. A complete VBAP
implementation must therefore include the possibility to define this
layout.
</p>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-5.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner with 5 outputs"/>
+<a href="/images/VBAP-panner-5.png"><img src="/images/VBAP-panner-5.png" class="right" style="width:150px;" alt="The VBAP panner with 5 outputs"></a>
<p>
Ardour currently uses a simplified approach: if a track or bus has more
than two output channels (which implies stereo), it assumes that you
any desired spatialisation.
</p>
<h3>Experimental 3D VBAP</h3>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-10.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner with 10 outputs, in experimental 3D mode"/>
+<a href="/images/VBAP-panner-10.png"><img src="/images/VBAP-panner-10.png" class="right" style="width:150px;" alt="The VBAP panner with 10 outputs, in experimental 3D mode"></a>
<p>
For tracks with 10 outputs, Ardour will currently assume a 3-dimensional
speaker layout corresponding to Auro-3D 10.1, which is a horizontal 5.1
</p>
<h2>N:M panning</h2>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-4in5.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner in 4 in, 5 out mode"/>
+<a href="/images/VBAP-panner-4in5.png"><img src="/images/VBAP-panner-4in5.png" class="right" style="width:150px;" alt="The VBAP panner in 4 in, 5 out mode"></a>
<p>
For tracks and busses with more than one input, Ardour will (for now) assume that
you wish to distribute the inputs symmetrically along the latitude around
the panner direction. The width parameter controls the opening angle of
the distribution sector.
</p>
-