-<p>Every Region has a fade-in and fade-out. By default, the region fade
-is very short, and serves to de-click the transitions at the start and
-end of the region. By adjusting the regions fade length, a more
-gradual transition can be accomplished.<br></p>
+<p>
+ Every Region has a fade-in and fade-out. By default, the region fade
+ is very short, and serves to de-click the transitions at the start and
+ end of the region. By adjusting the regions fade length, a more
+ gradual transition can be accomplished.
+</p>
<h2>Region Fades</h2>
-<p> <dfn>Region fades</dfn> are possible at the beginning and end of
-all audio regions. In object mode, a grip appears at the top left and
-top right of an audio region when the cursor hovers over it. Placing
-the cursor over the top of the grip displays the region fade cursor
-tip. Click and drag the grip left or right in the timeline to
-adjust the length of the fade.<br>
+<p>
+ <dfn>Region fades</dfn> are possible at the beginning and end of
+ all audio regions. In object mode, a grip appears at the top left and
+ top right of an audio region when the cursor hovers over it. Placing
+ the cursor over the top of the grip displays the region fade cursor
+ tip. Clicking and dragging the grip left or right in the timeline adjusts the
+ length of the fade.
</p>
+
<h2>Crossfades</h2>
-<p> <dfn>Crossfades</dfn> refer to the behavior when you want to make
-a smooth transition (mix) from one audio region to another on the same
-track. Historically, this was done by splicing 2 pieces of analog
-tape together, and this concept was carried forward into digital
-editing. Each track is a sequence of sound files (regions). If
-two regions are butted against each other, there needs to be a method
-to splice them smoothly together. The crossfade allows one region
-to fade smoothly out, while the next region fades smoothly in, like 2
-pieces of tape that have been cut at and angle, and overlapped.<br>
+
+<p>
+ <dfn>Crossfades</dfn> refer to the behavior of two audio regions transitioning
+ smoothly (mixing) from one to another on the same
+ track. Historically, this was done by splicing two pieces of analog
+ tape together, and this concept was carried forward into digital
+ editing. Each track is a sequence of sound files (regions). If
+ two regions are butted against each other, there needs to be a method
+ to splice them smoothly together. The crossfade allows one region
+ to fade smoothly out, while the next region fades smoothly in, like two
+ pieces of tape that have been cut at an angle, and overlapped.
</p>
-<p>But Ardour uses a more refined "layered" editing model, and
-therefore it is possible for multiple regions to be stacked on a single
-location with arbitrary overlaps between different layers. For
-this reason, crossfades must be implemented differently. We can't
-assume that a crossfade is an entitry that exists between 2 regions;
-instead each region must have its own associated crossfades at each
-end, and the topmost region must always crossfade down to the
-underlying region(s), if any.<br>
+<p>
+ But Ardour uses a more refined "layered" editing model, and
+ therefore it is possible for multiple regions to be stacked on a single
+ location with arbitrary overlaps between different layers. For
+ this reason, crossfades must be implemented differently. It can't be
+ assumed that a crossfade is an entity that exists between two regions;
+ instead each region must have its own associated crossfades at each
+ end, and the topmost region must always crossfade down to the
+ underlying region(s), if any.
</p>
-<p>Ardour solves this problem by putting a crossfade at the beginning
-and end of every region. The fades of the bottom-most region are
-first rendered, and then each region is rendered on top of the one
-below it, with fades at the end of each region providing a crossfade to
-the region(s) beneath it. <br>
+<p>
+ Ardour solves this problem by putting a crossfade at the beginning
+ and end of every region. The fades of the bottom-most region are
+ first rendered, and then each region is rendered on top of the one
+ below it, with fades at the end of each region providing a crossfade to
+ the region(s) beneath it.
</p>
-<p>It is important to understand that region fades <em>are</em> crossfades. When one region has
-another region or multiple regions beneath its fade area, then you will
-hear the topmost region fade-out be mirrored as a fade-in on the
-underlying region(s). The grip for the topmost region will allow
-changing the length and type of the crossfade into the underlying
-region(s). In this way you can create a complicated series of
-crossfades, and then layer another region atop the others, and fade
-into _that_ complicated series. <em>An image here would
-probably help.</em><br>
+<p>
+ It is important to understand that region fades <em>are</em> crossfades.
+ When one region has another region or multiple regions beneath its fade area,
+ then what will be heard is the topmost region fade-out mirrored as a fade-in
+ on the underlying region(s). The grip for the topmost region will allow
+ changing the length and type of the crossfade into the underlying
+ region(s). In this way complicated series of crossfades can be created, and
+ then another region layered atop the others, and faded into a complicated
+ series.
</p>
-<p>If a region doesn't have any region(s) under it, then the region is
-crossfaded to silence; for convenience we call this a "fade"
-rather than a crossfade.<br>
+<p>
+ If a region doesn't have any region(s) under it, then the region is
+ crossfaded to silence; for convenience this is called a "fade"
+ rather than a crossfade.
</p>
-<h2>Fade Shapes<br>
-</h2>
-<p>To activate/deactivate or change the shape of a region's fadein or
-fade-out, hover the cursor over the regionfade grip till the cursor tip
-indicates region fade editing and context-click to bring up a context
-menu. In the context menu there is a list of options for the
-regionfade. <kbd class="menu">Activate/Deactivate</kbd> enables and
-disables the regionfade.<br>
+
+<h2>Fade Shapes</h2>
+
+<figure class=right>
+ <img src="/images/crossfade_menu.png">
+ <figcaption class=center>The fade shape context menu.</figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>
+ To activate/deactivate or change the shape of a region's fadein or
+ fade-out, the cursor has to be hovered over the region fade grip until the
+ cursor tip indicates region fade editing, then <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd>
+ clicked to bring up a context menu. In the context menu is a list of options
+ for the region fade. <kbd class="menu">Activate/Deactivate</kbd> enables and
+ disables the region fade.
+</p>
+<p>
+ Because each fade is also a crossfade, it has an inverse fade shape
+ for the audio beneath the fade. It is important to know how the
+ shapes differ, and which are most suitable for various editing tasks.
</p>
-<p>Because each fade is also a crossfade, it has an inverse fade shape
-for the audio beneath the fade. It is important to know how the
-shapes differ, and which are most suitable for various editing tasks.<br>
+<p>
+ The different types of fades are:
</p>
-<p>The different types of fades are:<br>
+<table class="dl">
+ <tr><th><kbd class="menu">Linear</kbd></th><td>A simple linear coefficient
+ decrease, and its mathematical inverse. A Linear fade starts attenuating
+ quickly, and then cuts off even more abruptly at lower levels. When used as a
+ crossfade, the signals are each -6dB attenuated at the midpoint. This is the
+ correct crossfade to use with highly-correlated signals for a smooth
+ transition.</td></tr>
+ <tr><th><kbd class="menu">Constant Power</kbd></th><td>The constant power
+ curve starts fading slowly and then cuts off abruptly. When used as a
+ crossfade between 2 audio regions, the signals are symmetrically attenuated,
+ and they each reach -3dB at the midpoint. This is the correct crossfade to
+ use when splicing audio in the general (uncorrelated) case.</td></tr>
+ <tr><th><kbd class="menu">Symmetric</kbd></th><td>The Symmetric fade starts
+ slowly, then attenuates significantly before transitioning to a slower
+ fade-out near the end of the fade. When used as a crossfade, the Symmetric
+ curve is not mathematically correct like the Constant Power or Linear curves,
+ but it provides a slower fade-out at low volumes. This is sometimes useful
+ when editing 2 entire music works together so that the transition is more
+ gradual.</td></tr>
+ <tr><th><kbd class="menu">Slow</kbd></th><td>The Slow curve is a modified
+ linear decibel fade. The initial curve starts more gradually so that it has
+ a less abrupt transition near unity. After that, it sounds like a perfectly
+ smooth fader or knob moved to silence. This shape is excellent as a
+ general-purpose fade-out. When used as a crossfade, the inverse fade curve
+ maintains constant power but is therefore non-symmetric; so its use is
+ limited to those cases where the user finds it appropriate.</td></tr>
+ <tr><th><kbd class="menu">Fast</kbd></th><td>The Fast curve is a linear
+ decibel fade; It sounds like a perfectly smooth fader or knob moved to
+ silence. This shape is excellent as a general-purpose fade-in. When used as
+ a crossfade, the inverse fade curve maintains constant power but is
+ therefore non-symmetric; so its use is limited to those cases where the
+ user finds it appropriate.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+ Although these fade shapes serve specific purposes, any of the shapes is
+ usable in any situation, so the final decision is mostly an artistic choice.
</p>
-<ul>
- <li><kbd class="menu">Linear</kbd> : A simple linear coefficient decrease, and its
-mathematical inverse. A Linear fade starts attentuating quickly
-and then cuts off even more abruptly at lower levels. When used
-as a crossfade, the signals are each -6dB attenuated at the midpoint.
-This is the correct crossfade to use with highly-correlated signals for
-a smooth transition.<br>
- </li>
- <li><kbd class="menu">Constant Power</kbd> : The constant power curve starts fading
-slowly and then cuts off abruptly. When used as a crossfade
-between 2 audio regions, the signals are symetrically attenuated, and
-they each reach -3dB at the midpoint. This is the correct crossfade to
-use when you want to splice audio in the general ( uncorrelated ) case.<br>
- </li>
- <li><kbd class="menu">Symmetric</kbd> : The Symmetric fade starts slowly, then
-attenuates significantly before transitioning to a slower fade-out near
-the end of the fade. When used as a crossfade, the Symmetric
-curve is not mathematically correct like the Equal Power or Linear
-curves, but it provides a slower fade-out at low volumes. This is
-sometimes useful when editing 2 entire music works together so that the
-transition is more gradual.<br>
- </li>
- <li><kbd class="menu">Fast</kbd> : The Fast curve is a linear decibel fade; It sounds
-like a perfectly smooth fader or knob moved to silence. This shape is
-excellent as a general-purpose fade-in. When used as a
-crossfade, the inverse fade curve maintains constant power but is
-therefore non-symmetric; so its use is limited to those cases where the
-user finds it appropriate.</li>
- <li><kbd class="menu">Slow</kbd> : The Slow curve is a modified linear decibel fade.
-The initial curve starts more gradually so that it has a less
-abrupt transition near unity. After that, it sounds like a
-perfectly smooth fader or knob moved to silence. This shape is excellent as
-a general-purpose fade-out. When used as a crossfade, the
-inverse fade curve maintains constant power but is therefore
-non-symmetric; so its use is limited to those cases where the user
-finds it appropriate.<br>
- </li>
-</ul>
-<p>Although these fade shapes serve specific purposes, you might find that
-any of the shapes is usable in your situation. The final decision
-is an artistic choice rather than a <br></p>
-<br>
-<p>These fade curves are developed to provide a range of common uses, and
-are developed with the least possible amount of changes in the "slope"
-of the line. This provides artifact-free crossfades. Some
-DAWs provide complicated fade editors with parametric "spline" controls
-of the fade curves. While it might be interesting to develop a
-fade curve with a faster cutoff, the mathematical difference between
-this and simply shortening the fade is vanishingly small; and the
-amount of effort to shorten the fade is much easier than messing with a
-crossfade editor dialog.<br></p>
+<p>
+ These fade curves are developed to provide a range of common uses, and
+ are developed with the least possible amount of changes in the "slope"
+ of the line. This provides artefact-free crossfades. Some
+ DAWs provide complicated fade editors with parametric "spline" controls
+ of the fade curves. While it might be interesting to develop a
+ fade curve with a faster cutoff, the mathematical difference between
+ this and simply shortening the fade is vanishingly small; and the
+ amount of effort to shorten the fade is much easier than messing with a
+ crossfade editor dialog.
+</p>
projects / ardour-manual / blobdiff