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[ardour-manual-diverged] / _manual / 20_mixing / 02_panning / 04_vbap_panner.html

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----
-layout: default
-title: VBAP Panner
----                        
-
-<p class="warning">
-  Ardour's VBAP panner is currently in development, and its semantics may
-  change in the near future, possibly affecting your mixes. Please do not
-  rely on it for important production work while the dust settles.
-</p>
-<p>
-  <dfn><abbr title="Vector-base Amplitude Panning">VBAP</abbr></dfn> 
-  is a versatile and straightforward method to pan a source around over an
-  arbitrary number of speakers on a horizontal polygon or a 3D surface,
-  even if the speaker layout is highly irregular.
-</p>
-
-<h2>Basic concepts</h2>
-<p>
-  VBAP was developed by Ville Pulkki at Aalto University, Helsinki, in 2001.
-  It works by distributing the signal to the speakers nearest to the desired
-  direction with appropriate weightings, aiming to create a maximally sharp 
-  phantom source by using as few speakers as possible:
-</p>
-<ul>
-  <li>one speaker, if the desired direction coincides with a speaker
-  location,</li>
-  <li>two speakers, if the desired direction is on the line between two
-  speakers,</li>
-  <li>and three speakers in the general 3D case.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>
-  Thus, if you move the panner onto a speaker, you can be sure that only
-  this speaker will get any signal. This is handy when you need precise
-  1:1 routing.<br />
-  The drawback of VBAP is that a moving source will constantly change its 
-  apparent sharpness, as it transitions between the three states mentioned 
-  above.
-</p>
-<p>
-  A <dfn>horizontal</dfn> VBAP panner has one parameter, the <dfn>azimuth
-  angle</dfn>. A <dfn>full-sphere</dfn> panner offers an additional 
-  <dfn>elevation angle</dfn> control.
-</p>
-<p class="note">
-  More elaborate implementations of VBAP also include a
-  <dfn>spread</dfn> parameter, which  will distribute the signal over a 
-  greater number of speakers in order to maintain constant (but no longer 
-  maximal) sharpness, regardless of position. Ardour's VBAP panner does not 
-  currently include this feature.
-</p>
-
-<h2>Speaker layout</h2>
-<p>
-  Each VBAP panner is specific to its <dfn>speaker layout</dfn>
-  &mdash; the panner has
-  to "know" about the precise location of all the speakers. A complete VBAP
-  implementation must therefore include the possibility to define this
-  layout.
-</p>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-5.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner with 5 outputs"/>
-<p>
-  Ardour currently uses a simplified approach: if a track or bus has more
-  than two output channels (which implies stereo), it assumes that you
-  have N speakers distributed in a regular N-gon. That means that for
-  irregular layouts such as 5.1 or 7.1, the direction you dial in will
-  differ a bit from the actual auditory result, but you can still achieve
-  any desired spatialisation.
-</p>
-<h3>Experimental 3D VBAP</h3>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-10.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner with 10 outputs, in experimental 3D mode"/>
-<p>
-  For tracks with 10 outputs, Ardour will currently assume a 3-dimensional
-  speaker layout corresponding to Auro-3D 10.1, which is a horizontal 5.1
-  system, four elevated speakers above L, R, Ls, and Rs, and an additional
-  "voice-of-god" speaker at the zenith.
-</p>
-
-<h2>N:M panning</h2>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-4in5.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner in 4 in, 5 out mode"/>
-<p>
-  For tracks and busses with more than one input, Ardour will (for now) assume that
-  you wish to distribute the inputs symmetrically along the latitude around
-  the panner direction. The width parameter controls the opening angle of
-  the distribution sector.
-</p>