<p>
The default <dfn>stereo panner</dfn> distributes two inputs to two outputs. Its
behaviour is controlled by two parameters, <dfn>width</dfn> and
- <dfn>position</dfn>. The
- default settings for the stereo panner are <samp>width=100%</samp> and
- <samp>position=center</samp>.
- This stereo panner assumes that the signals
+ <dfn>position</dfn>. By default, the panner is centered at full width.
+</p>
+<p>
+ The stereo panner assumes that the signals
you wish to distribute are either uncorrelated (i.e. totally
independent), or that they contain a stereo image which is
- <em>mono-compatible</em>, such as a co-incident microphone recording, or a
+ <dfn>mono-compatible</dfn>, such as a co-incident microphone recording, or a
sound stage that has been created with pan pots.<sup><a href="#caveat">*</a></sup>
</p>
<p class="note">
To change the position smoothly, press the right button and drag
within the top half of the panner, then release. The position will
be limited by the current width setting. <em>Note: you do not need
- to grab the position indicator in order to drag</em>
+ to grab the position indicator in order to drag.</em>
</p>
<p>
To change the width smoothly, press the right button and drag
within the lower half of the panner, then release. The width will be
- limited by the current position setting.<em>Note: you do not need to
- grab the L/R indicators in order to drag</em>
+ limited by the current position setting. <em>Note: you do not need to
+ grab the L/R indicators in order to drag.</em>
</p>
<dl class="faq">
<dt>Reset to defaults</dt>
-<dd>Click <kbd class="mod3">right button</kbd></dd>
+<dd>Click <kbd class="mod3 mouse">right</kbd></dd>
-<dt>Change to a "hard left"</dt>
-<dd>Double click <kbd class="mod2">right button</kbd> in the upper left half
+<dt>Change to hard left</dt>
+<dd>Double click <kbd class="mod2 mouse">right</kbd> in the upper left half
of the panner</dd>
-<dt>Change to a "hard right"</dt>
-<dd>Double click <kbd class="mod2">right button</kbd> in the upper right half
+<dt>Change to a hard right</dt>
+<dd>Double click <kbd class="mod2 mouse">right</kbd> in the upper right half
of the panner</dd>
<dt>Move position as far left as possible, given width</dt>
-<dd>Double click <kbd>right button</kbd> in the upper left half of the
+<dd>Double click <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd> in the upper left half of the
panner</dd>
<dt>Move position as far right as possible, given width</dt>
-<dd>Double click <kbd>right button</kbd> in the upper right half of the
+<dd>Double click <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd> in the upper right half of the
panner</dd>
<dt>Set the position to center</dt>
-<dd>Click <kbd>right button</kbd> in the upper middle of the panner</dd>
+<dd>Click <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd> in the upper middle of the panner</dd>
<dt>Reset to maximum possible width</dt>
-<dd>Double click <kbd>right button</kbd> on the lower left side</dd>
+<dd>Double click <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd> on the lower left side</dd>
<dt>Invert (flip channel assignments)</dt>
-<dd>Double click <kbd>right button</kbd> on the lower right side</dd>
+<dd>Double click <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd> on the lower right side</dd>
<dt>Set width to 0°</dt>
-<dd>Double click <kbd>right button</kbd> in the lower middle</dd>
+<dd>Double click <kbd class="mouse">right</kbd> in the lower middle</dd>
</dl>
<h4>Keyboard bindings</h4>
</p>
<dl>
-<dt>left / <kbd class="mod1">left</kbd></dt>
-<dd>increase width by 1° / 5°</dd>
-
-<dt>right / <kbd class="mod1">right</kbd></dt>
-<dd>decrease width by 1° / 5°</dd>
-
-<dt>up / <kbd class="mod1">up</kbd></dt>
-<dd>move position 1° / 5° to the left</dd>
-
-<dt>down / <kbd class="mod1">down</kbd></dt>
-<dd>move position 1° / 5°to the right</dd>
+ <dt><kbd class="mouse">⇐</kbd> / <kbd class="mod1 mouse">⇐</kbd></dt>
+ <dd>increase width by 1° / 5°</dd>
+ <dt><kbd class="mouse">⇒</kbd> / <kbd class="mod1 mouse">⇒</kbd></dt>
+ <dd>decrease width by 1° / 5°</dd>
+ <dt><kbd class="mouse">⇑</kbd> / <kbd class="mod1 mouse">⇑</kbd></dt>
+ <dd>move position 1° / 5° to the left</dd>
+ <dt><kbd class="mouse">⇓</kbd> / <kbd class="mod1 mouse">⇓</kbd></dt>
+ <dd>move position 1° / 5°to the right</dd>
</dl>
<h2><a name="caveat"></a>Stereo panning caveats</h2>
right side with an ORTF stereo microphone array and then manipulate the width.
</p>
<p>
-For testing, we apply a pink noise signal to both inputs of an Ardour stereo
+For testing, we apply a <dfn>pink noise</dfn> signal to both inputs of an Ardour stereo
bus with the stereo panner, and feed the bus output to a two-channel analyser.
Since pink noise contains equal energy per octave, the expected readout is a
straight line, which would indicate that our signal chain does not color the
analyser.
</p>
<p>
-Recall that an ORTF microphone pair consists of two cardioids spaced 17 cm
+Recall that an <dfn>ORTF</dfn> microphone pair consists of two cardioids spaced 17 cm
apart, with an opening angle of 110°.
For a far source at 45° to the right, the time difference between the capsules
is 350 μs or approximately 15 samples at 44.1 kHz. The level difference
orchestra sample libraries for example do contain time-delay components.
</p>
+