whitespace change to test commit hook

[ardour-manual] / include / metering-in-ardour.html

diff --git a/include/metering-in-ardour.html b/include/metering-in-ardour.html
index d47b921f618e91ed48ce92decc60ab21686fa7dd..51dcdded078c3426f31bcb21acf03e28f2778d5d 100644 (file)
--- a/include/metering-in-ardour.html
+++ b/include/metering-in-ardour.html
@@ -1,44 +1,44 @@
 
 <h2>Introduction</h2>
 <p>
 
 <h2>Introduction</h2>
 <p>

-  An engineer reading and using audio level meters compares to a musician 
-  reading or writing sheet-music. Just like there are virtuoso musicians 
+  An engineer reading and using audio level meters compares to a musician
+  reading or writing sheet-music. Just like there are virtuoso musicians

   who can't read a single note, there are great sound-engineers who just
   who can't read a single note, there are great sound-engineers who just

-  go by their ears and produce great mixes and masters without ever looking 
+  go by their ears and produce great mixes and masters without ever looking

   at a single meter.
 </p>
 <p>
   at a single meter.
 </p>
 <p>

-  Yet, if you want to work in or with the broadcast industry, it is 
+  Yet, in order to work in or with the broadcast industry, it is

   usually unavoidable to use meters.
 </p>
 <p>
   usually unavoidable to use meters.
 </p>
 <p>

-  Audio level meters are very powerful tools that are useful in every 
+  Audio level meters are very powerful tools that are useful in every

   part of the entire production chain:
 </p>
 <ul>
   part of the entire production chain:
 </p>
 <ul>

-  <li>When tracking, meters are used to ensure that the input 
-  signal does not <dfn>overload</dfn> and maintains reasonable 
+  <li>When tracking, meters are used to ensure that the input
+  signal does not <dfn>overload</dfn> and maintains reasonable

   <dfn>headroom</dfn>.</li>
   <dfn>headroom</dfn>.</li>

-  <li>Meters offer a <dfn>quick visual indication</dfn> of a 
+  <li>Meters offer a <dfn>quick visual indication</dfn> of an

   activity when working with a large number of tracks.</li>
   activity when working with a large number of tracks.</li>

-  <li>During mixing, meters provide an rough estimate of the 
+  <li>During mixing, meters provide an rough estimate of the

   <dfn>loudness</dfn> of each track.</li>
   <dfn>loudness</dfn> of each track.</li>

-  <li>At the mastering stage, meters are used to check 
-  compliance with upstream <dfn>level</dfn> and <dfn>loudness 
+  <li>At the mastering stage, meters are used to check
+  compliance with upstream <dfn>level</dfn> and <dfn>loudness

   standards</dfn> and to optimize the <dfn>loudness range</dfn>
   for a given medium.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <h2>Meter Types</h2>
 <p>
   standards</dfn> and to optimize the <dfn>loudness range</dfn>
   for a given medium.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <h2>Meter Types</h2>
 <p>

-  A general treatise on metering is beyond the scope of this 
+  A general treatise on metering is beyond the scope of this

   manual. It is a complex subject with a history&hellip;
   For background information and further reading we recommend:
 </p>
 <ul>
   <li><a href="http://www.digido.com/how-to-make-better-recordings-part-2.html">How To Make Better Recordings in the 21st Century&mdash;An Integrated Approach to Metering, Monitoring, and Leveling Practices</a> by Bob Katz. Has a good historic overview of meters and motivates the K-meter</li>
   <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_programme_meter#Table_of_characteristics">Wikipedia: Peak programme meter</a>&mdash;overview of meter types.</li>
   manual. It is a complex subject with a history&hellip;
   For background information and further reading we recommend:
 </p>
 <ul>
   <li><a href="http://www.digido.com/how-to-make-better-recordings-part-2.html">How To Make Better Recordings in the 21st Century&mdash;An Integrated Approach to Metering, Monitoring, and Leveling Practices</a> by Bob Katz. Has a good historic overview of meters and motivates the K-meter</li>
   <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_programme_meter#Table_of_characteristics">Wikipedia: Peak programme meter</a>&mdash;overview of meter types.</li>

-  <li>"Audio Metering: Measurements, Standards and Practice: Measurements, Standards and Practics", by Eddy Brixen. ISBN: 0240814673</li>
+  <li>"Audio Metering: Measurements, Standards and Practice: Measurements, Standards and Practice", by Eddy Brixen. ISBN: 0240814673</li>

   <li>"Art of Digital Audio", by John Watkinson. ISBN: 0240515870</li>
 </ul>
 
   <li>"Art of Digital Audio", by John Watkinson. ISBN: 0240515870</li>
 </ul>
 


@@ -46,28 +46,28 @@
   There are different metering standards, most of which are available in Ardour. In short:
 </p>
 
   There are different metering standards, most of which are available in Ardour. In short:
 </p>
 

-<dl>
-  <dt>Digital peak-meter</dt>
-  <dd>A <dfn>Digital Peak Meter</dfn> displays the absolute maximum signal 
-  of the raw audio PCM signal (for a given time). It is commonly used when 
-  tracking to make sure the recorded audio never clips. To that end, DPMs 
+<table class="dl">
+  <tr><th>Digital peak-meter</th>
+  <td>A <dfn>Digital Peak Meter</dfn> displays the absolute maximum signal
+  of the raw audio PCM signal (for a given time). It is commonly used when
+  tracking to make sure the recorded audio never clips. To that end, DPMs

   are always calibrated to 0&nbsp;<abbr title="DeciBel Full
   Scale">dBFS</abbr>, or the maximum level that can be represented digitally
   are always calibrated to 0&nbsp;<abbr title="DeciBel Full
   Scale">dBFS</abbr>, or the maximum level that can be represented digitally

-  in a given system. This value has no musical reason whatsoever and depends 
-  only on the properties of the signal chain or target medium. There are 
-  conventions  for <dfn>fall-off-time</dfn> and <dfn>peak-hold</dfn>, but no 
+  in a given system. This value has no musical reason whatsoever and depends
+  only on the properties of the signal chain or target medium. There are
+  conventions  for <dfn>fall-off-time</dfn> and <dfn>peak-hold</dfn>, but no

   exact specifications.
   <p>
   exact specifications.
   <p>

-  Various conventions for DPM fall-off times and dBFS line-up level can be 
-  chosen in <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; GUI</kbd>.
+  Various conventions for DPM fall-off times and dBFS line-up level can be
+  chosen in <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; Metering</kbd>.

   </p>
   </p>

-  </dd>
+  </td></tr>

 
 

-  <dt>RMS meters</dt>
-  <dd>An <dfn><abbr title="Root Mean Square">RMS</abbr>-type meter</dfn>
-  is an averaging meter that looks at the energy in the signal. It 
-  provides a general indication of loudness as perceived by humans. Ardour 
-  features three RMS meters, all of which offer additonal peak indication.
+  <tr><th>RMS meters</th>
+  <td>An <dfn><abbr title="Root Mean Square">RMS</abbr>-type meter</dfn>
+  is an averaging meter that looks at the energy in the signal. It
+  provides a general indication of loudness as perceived by humans. Ardour
+  features three RMS meters, all of which offer additional peak indication.

   <ul>
     <li><dfn>K20</dfn>: A meter according to the K-system introduced by Bob
     Katz, scale aligned to -20&nbsp;dBFS, rise/fall times and color schema
   <ul>
     <li><dfn>K20</dfn>: A meter according to the K-system introduced by Bob
     Katz, scale aligned to -20&nbsp;dBFS, rise/fall times and color schema


@@ -75,51 +75,57 @@
     <li><dfn>K14</dfn>: Same as K20 with scale aligned to -14&nbsp;dBFS.</li>
     <li><dfn>K12</dfn>: Same as K20 with scale aligned to -12&nbsp;dBFS (since 3.5.143).</li>
     <li><dfn>Peak + RMS</dfn>: standard RMS, customizable via
     <li><dfn>K14</dfn>: Same as K20 with scale aligned to -14&nbsp;dBFS.</li>
     <li><dfn>K12</dfn>: Same as K20 with scale aligned to -12&nbsp;dBFS (since 3.5.143).</li>
     <li><dfn>Peak + RMS</dfn>: standard RMS, customizable via

-    <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; GUI &gt; Metering</kbd></li>
+    <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; Metering</kbd></li>

   </ul>
   </ul>

-  </dd>
+  </td></tr>

 
 

-  <dt>IEC PPMs</dt>
-  <dd><dfn><abbr title="International Electrontechnical Commission">IEC</abbr>-type 
-  <abbr title="Peak Programme Meters">PPM</abbr>s</dfn> are a mix between DPMs and 
-  RMS meters, created mainly for the purpose of 
+  <tr><th>IEC PPMs</th>
+  <td><dfn><abbr title="International Electrontechnical Commission">IEC</abbr>-type
+  <abbr title="Peak Programme Meters">PPM</abbr>s</dfn> are a mix between DPMs and
+  RMS meters, created mainly for the purpose of

   interoperability. Many national and institutional varieties exist (<abbr
   title="European Broadcasting Union">EBU</abbr>, <abbr title="British Broadcasting
   interoperability. Many national and institutional varieties exist (<abbr
   title="European Broadcasting Union">EBU</abbr>, <abbr title="British Broadcasting

-  Corporation">BBC</abbr>, <abbr title="Deutsche Industrie-Norm">DIN</abbr>). 
+  Corporation">BBC</abbr>, <abbr title="Deutsche Industrie-Norm">DIN</abbr>).

   <p>
   <p>

-  These loudness and metering standards provide a common point of 
-  reference which is used by broadcasters in particular so that the 
+  These loudness and metering standards provide a common point of
+  reference which is used by broadcasters in particular so that the

   interchange of material is uniform across their sphere of influence,
   regardless of the equipment used to play it back.
   </p>
   <p>
   For home recording, there is no real need for this level of
   interchange of material is uniform across their sphere of influence,
   regardless of the equipment used to play it back.
   </p>
   <p>
   For home recording, there is no real need for this level of

-  interoperability, and these meters are only strictly required when 
-  working in or with the broadcast industry. However, IEC-type meters have 
-  certain characteristics (rise-time, ballistics) that make them useful 
+  interoperability, and these meters are only strictly required when
+  working in or with the broadcast industry. However, IEC-type meters have
+  certain characteristics (rise-time, ballistics) that make them useful

   outside the context of broadcast.
   </p>
   <p>
   outside the context of broadcast.
   </p>
   <p>

-  Their specification is very exact, and consquently, there are no 
+  Their specification is very exact, and consequently, there are no

   customizable parameters.
   </p>
   customizable parameters.
   </p>

-  </dd>
-  
-  <dt>VU meters</dt>
-  <dd><dfn><abbr title="Volume Unit">VU</abbr> meters</dfn> are the dinosaurs (1939) 
+  </td></tr>
+
+  <tr><th>VU meters</th>
+  <td><dfn><abbr title="Volume Unit">VU</abbr> meters</dfn> are the dinosaurs (1939)

   amongst the meters. They react very slowly, averaging out peaks.
   amongst the meters. They react very slowly, averaging out peaks.

-  Their specification is very strict (300ms rise-time, 1&ndash;1.5% overshoot, 
-  flat frequency response). Ardour's VU meter adheres to that spec, but for 
+  Their specification is very strict (300ms rise-time, 1&ndash;1.5% overshoot,
+  flat frequency response). Ardour's VU meter adheres to that spec, but for

   visual consistency it is displayed as a bar-graph rather than needle-style
   (more below).
   visual consistency it is displayed as a bar-graph rather than needle-style
   (more below).

-  </dd>
-</dl>
+  </td></tr>
+</table>

 
 <h2>Ardour Specifics</h2>
 
 
 <h2>Ardour Specifics</h2>
 

-<img class="right" src="/images/mixer-meter-context-menu.png" alt="mixer strip meter context menu" />
+<figure class="right">
+    <img src="/images/mixer-meter-context-menu.png" alt="mixer strip meter context menu">
+    <figcaption>
+      Mixer strip meter context menu
+    </figcaption>
+</figure>
+

 <p>
 <p>

-  Meters are available in various places in ardour:
+  Meters are available in various places in Ardour:

 </p>
 <ul>
   <li>The mixer window features fixed height meters for each <dfn>channel strip</dfn>.</li>
 </p>
 <ul>
   <li>The mixer window features fixed height meters for each <dfn>channel strip</dfn>.</li>


@@ -130,46 +136,54 @@
 </ul>
 <p>
   They all share the same configuration and color-theme which is available in
 </ul>
 <p>
   They all share the same configuration and color-theme which is available in

-  preferences and the theme-manager. Settings for the Peak and RMS+Peak meters 
-  as well as VU meter standards are found in  
-  <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; GUI &gt; Metering</kbd>.
+  preferences and the theme-manager. Settings for the Peak and RMS+Peak meters
+  as well as VU meter standards are found in
+  <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; Metering</kbd>.

 </p>
 </p>

+

 <p>
   The type of meter and the <dfn>metering point</dfn> (the place in the signal chain
   where the meter taps the signal) are configurable in the context menu of each meter.
 <p>
   The type of meter and the <dfn>metering point</dfn> (the place in the signal chain
   where the meter taps the signal) are configurable in the context menu of each meter.

-  Depending on the <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; GUI &gt; Mixer
-  Strip</kbd> settings, the metering point is also accessible via a button in
-  each Mixer strip.
+  Depending on the <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; Mixer</kbd> settings,
+  the metering point is also accessible via a button in each Mixer strip.

 </p>
 </p>

-<img class="right" src="/images/meter-preferences.png" alt="" />
+

 <p>
 <p>

-  Regardless of meter type and standard the meter display will highlight red if 
+  Regardless of meter type and standard the meter display will highlight red if

   the signal on the given channel exceeds the configured peak threshold.
 </p>
 <p>
   the signal on the given channel exceeds the configured peak threshold.
 </p>
 <p>

-  <kbd class="mouse">Left</kbd> on the peak-indicator button resets the
+  <kbd class="mouse">Left</kbd> clicking on the peak-indicator button resets the

   <dfn>peak-hold indicator</dfn> of a single channel.<br>
   <dfn>peak-hold indicator</dfn> of a single channel.<br>

-  <kbd class="mod1 mouse">Left</kbd> resets a whole <dfn>group</dfn>, and<br/>
-  <kbd class="mod13 mouse">Left</kbd> resets all meters.
+  <kbd class="mod1 mouse">Left</kbd> clicking resets a whole <dfn>group</dfn>, and<br/>
+  <kbd class="mod13 mouse">Left</kbd> clicking resets all meters.

 </p>
 
 <h2>Overview of meter types</h2>
 
 </p>
 
 <h2>Overview of meter types</h2>
 

+<figure class="left">
+  <img class="mini" src="/images/meter-types-18.png" alt="Bar-graph meters in Ardour">
+  <figcaption>
+    Bar-graph meters in Ardour
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="right">
+  <img class="mini" src="/images/needle-meters-18.png" alt="Needle-style meters as external LV2 plugins">
+  <figcaption>
+    Needle-style meters as external LV2 plugins
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+

 <p>
 <p>

-  The figure on the left shows all available meter-types in Ardour 3.4 when fed with a 
+  The figure on the left shows all available meter-types in Ardour when fed with a

   -18&nbsp;dBFS 1&nbsp;kHz sine wave.
 </p>
 
   -18&nbsp;dBFS 1&nbsp;kHz sine wave.
 </p>
 

-<img class="right" style="max-width:45%;height:400px;" src="/images/needle-meters-18.png"
-alt="Needle-style meters as external LV2 plugins" />
-<img style="max-width:45%; height:400px" src="/images/meter-types-18.png"
-alt="Bar-graph meters in Ardour" />
-

 <p>
 <p>

-  Due to layout concerns and consistent look&amp;feel all meters available in 
+  Due to layout concerns and consistent look and feel all meters available in

   Ardour itself are bar-graph type meters. Corresponding needle-style
   meters&mdash;which take up more visual screen space&mdash;are available as
   LV2 plugins (see image on the right):
   <a href="https://github.com/x42/meters.lv2/">meters.lv2</a>.
 </p>
   Ardour itself are bar-graph type meters. Corresponding needle-style
   meters&mdash;which take up more visual screen space&mdash;are available as
   LV2 plugins (see image on the right):
   <a href="https://github.com/x42/meters.lv2/">meters.lv2</a>.
 </p>

-