rely on it for important production work while the dust settles.
</p>
<p>
- <dfn><abbr title="Vector-base Amplitude Panning">VBAP</abbr></dfn>
+ <dfn><abbr title="Vector-base Amplitude Panning">VBAP</abbr></dfn>
is a versatile and straightforward method to pan a source around over an
arbitrary number of speakers on a horizontal polygon or a 3D surface,
even if the speaker layout is highly irregular.
<p>
VBAP was developed by Ville Pulkki at Aalto University, Helsinki, in 2001.
It works by distributing the signal to the speakers nearest to the desired
- direction with appropriate weightings, aiming to create a maximally sharp
+ direction with appropriate weightings, aiming to create a maximally sharp
phantom source by using as few speakers as possible:
</p>
<ul>
<p>
Thus, if you move the panner onto a speaker, you can be sure that only
this speaker will get any signal. This is handy when you need precise
- 1:1 routing.<br />
- The drawback of VBAP is that a moving source will constantly change its
- apparent sharpness, as it transitions between the three states mentioned
+ 1:1 routing.<br>
+ The drawback of VBAP is that a moving source will constantly change its
+ apparent sharpness, as it transitions between the three states mentioned
above.
</p>
<p>
A <dfn>horizontal</dfn> VBAP panner has one parameter, the <dfn>azimuth
- angle</dfn>. A <dfn>full-sphere</dfn> panner offers an additional
+ angle</dfn>. A <dfn>full-sphere</dfn> panner offers an additional
<dfn>elevation angle</dfn> control.
</p>
<p class="note">
More elaborate implementations of VBAP also include a
- <dfn>spread</dfn> parameter, which will distribute the signal over a
- greater number of speakers in order to maintain constant (but no longer
- maximal) sharpness, regardless of position. Ardour's VBAP panner does not
+ <dfn>spread</dfn> parameter, which will distribute the signal over a
+ greater number of speakers in order to maintain constant (but no longer
+ maximal) sharpness, regardless of position. Ardour's VBAP panner does not
currently include this feature.
</p>
<h2>Speaker layout</h2>
<p>
- Each VBAP panner is specific to its <dfn>speaker layout</dfn>
- — the panner has
+ Each VBAP panner is specific to its <dfn>speaker layout</dfn>—the
+ panner has
to "know" about the precise location of all the speakers. A complete VBAP
implementation must therefore include the possibility to define this
layout.
</p>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-5.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner with 5 outputs"/>
+<a href="/images/VBAP-panner-5.png"><img src="/images/VBAP-panner-5.png" class="right" style="width:150px;" alt="The VBAP panner with 5 outputs"></a>
<p>
Ardour currently uses a simplified approach: if a track or bus has more
than two output channels (which implies stereo), it assumes that you
any desired spatialisation.
</p>
<h3>Experimental 3D VBAP</h3>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-10.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner with 10 outputs, in experimental 3D mode"/>
+<a href="/images/VBAP-panner-10.png"><img src="/images/VBAP-panner-10.png" class="right" style="width:150px;" alt="The VBAP panner with 10 outputs, in experimental 3D mode"></a>
<p>
For tracks with 10 outputs, Ardour will currently assume a 3-dimensional
speaker layout corresponding to Auro-3D 10.1, which is a horizontal 5.1
</p>
<h2>N:M panning</h2>
-<img src="/images/VBAP-panner-4in5.png" class="small right" alt="The VBAP
-panner in 4 in, 5 out mode"/>
+<a href="/images/VBAP-panner-4in5.png"><img src="/images/VBAP-panner-4in5.png" class="right" style="width:150px;" alt="The VBAP panner in 4 in, 5 out mode"></a>
<p>
For tracks and busses with more than one input, Ardour will (for now) assume that
you wish to distribute the inputs symmetrically along the latitude around