The Loudness Analyzer and Normalizer is a tool that is useful at the end of the mixing process to make the final audio file comply with different specs regarding loudness.

This is a rather advanced mode. When using the Loudness Analyzer & Normalizer (or LAN), one has to make sure than normalization is disabled when exporting.
In general, it is recommended to just use automatic export normalization, in the Export dialog. This can also produce results for multiple targets at the same time.

It is enabled by checking Enable master-bus output gain control in the Preferences. The Master Bus strip then shows a LAN button to start the analysis, and a volume slider that is the global gain that can be set either manually or by the loudness normalizer.

The LAN can also be started from the Session > Loudness assistant… menu. If the option above is not enabled, Ardour will link to the relevant page of the Preferences.

Either method show the following window:

The Loudness Analyzer realtime selector
The Loudness Analyzer realtime selector

This window allows to start the loudness analysis. A choice is offered between freewheeling (i.e. Ardour renders the session as fast as possible to measure the loudness), by default, or Realtime, for cases where freewheeling would not accurately render the session, e.g. if a hardware or JACK effect is used in the session, by clicking on the Realtime toggle button.

After the analysis is over, the Loudness Analyzer and Normalizer is shown:

The Loudness Analyzer and Normalizer
The Loudness Analyzer and Normalizer

The Loudness Graph

At the top of the window, a loudness graph visually represents the analysis. The x-axis represents the time, and the y-axis represents the perceived loudness in LUFS:

Normalization Parameters

As loudness is a perceived sonic energy, and depends on the level, frequency, duration and nature of the sound, this window allows to base the calculation of the loudness normalization on different parameters :

Any combination of these parameters can be taken into account when determining the gain normalization, by checking its momentary button, and setting a Target value.

Ardour shows both the Measured value of the parameters, and the Delta value, i.e. the difference between the Target and Measured values, hence the gain correction.

The maximum Delta value is the Gain correction to apply to fit all the Target values.

Ardour shows, under the parameters, a summary of the calculation :

Presets

A selection of presets is offered to simplify the normalization. These presets apply the relevant parameters and their target values. Below is a table of these presets:

Parameter name: dbFS dBTP LUFS shortmom. FSTP intsht mommaxIntgnotes
EBU R128 false true truefalsefalse 0-1.0-23 0 0-22.5 -23.5
EBU R128 S1 false true true truefalse 0-1.0-23-18 0-22.5 -23.5
ATSC A/85 false true true truefalse 0-2.0-24 0 0-22.0 -26.0
AES Streaming false true truefalsefalse 0-1.0-18 0 0-16.0 -20.0
ASWG-R001 HOME false true true truefalse 0-1.0-24 0 0-22.0 -26.0
Digital Peak truefalsefalsefalsefalse 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0-200.0
CD/DVD true true truefalsefalse 0-0.1 -9 0 0 0.0-200.0
Amazon Music false true truefalsefalse 0-2.0-14 0 0 -9.0 -19.0
Apple Music false true truefalsefalse 0-1.0-16 0 0-15.0 -17.0
Deezer false true truefalsefalse 0-1.0-15 0 0-14.0 -16.0
Soundcloud false true truefalsefalse 0-1.0-10 0 0 -8.0 -13.0
Spotify false true truefalsefalse 0-1.0-14 0 0 -8.0 -20.0
Spotify Loud false true truefalsefalse 0-2.0-11 0 0 -5.0 -17.0
Youtube false true truefalsefalse 0-1.0-14 0 0-13.0 -15.0

New presets can be created at will and saved/removed using the Save and Remove buttons next to the preset choice. The Standard presets listed above can not be removed or edited.

The Analysis Report button allows to visually represent the analysis with a graph in a very similar window to the one in the Post-Export analysis.

The Conformity Analysis Panel

At the lower right end of the window is a Conformity Analysis info panel indicating, for each of the presets above, if the corrected gain would fit the required values:

Lastly, the gain correction is, by default, applied after all the processors of the master bus. This can also be changed, either by checking the Custom Amplifier Position temporaty button in this window, or in the Master strip, by Right-clicking the gain slider and checking Custom LAN Amp Position. The gain normalizer then becomes a processor in the processors box of the Master strip, that can be moved as needed like any processor/effect.