Shamusworld >> Repos - apple2/blob - src/apple2.cpp

   1 //
   2 // Apple 2 SDL Portable Apple Emulator
   3 //
   4 // by James Hammons
   5 // © 2014 Underground Software
   6 //
   7 // Loosely based on AppleWin by Tom Charlesworth which was based on AppleWin by
   8 // Oliver Schmidt which was based on AppleWin by Michael O'Brien. :-) Parts are
   9 // also derived from ApplePC. Too bad it was closed source--it could have been
  10 // *the* premier Apple II emulator out there.
  11 //
  12 // JLH = James Hammons <jlhamm@acm.org>
  13 //
  14 // WHO  WHEN        WHAT
  15 // ---  ----------  ------------------------------------------------------------
  16 // JLH  11/12/2005  Initial port to SDL
  17 // JLH  11/18/2005  Wired up graphic soft switches
  18 // JLH  12/02/2005  Setup timer subsystem for more accurate time keeping
  19 // JLH  12/12/2005  Added preliminary state saving support
  20 // JLH  09/24/2013  Added //e support
  21 //
  22
  23 // STILL TO DO:
  24 //
  25 // - Port to SDL [DONE]
  26 // - GUI goodies
  27 // - Weed out unneeded functions [DONE]
  28 // - Disk I/O [DONE]
  29 // - 128K IIe related stuff [DONE]
  30 // - State loading/saving
  31 //
  32
  33 #include "apple2.h"
  34
  35 #include <SDL2/SDL.h>
  36 #include <fstream>
  37 #include <string>
  38 #include <iomanip>
  39 #include <iostream>
  40 #include <stdio.h>
  41 #include <stdlib.h>
  42 #include <time.h>
  43 #include "log.h"
  44 #include "video.h"
  45 #include "sound.h"
  46 #include "settings.h"
  47 #include "v65c02.h"
  48 #include "applevideo.h"
  49 #include "timing.h"
  50 #include "floppy.h"
  51 #include "firmware.h"
  52 #include "mmu.h"
  53
  54 #include "gui/gui.h"
  55
  56 // Debug and misc. defines
  57
  58 #define THREADED_65C02
  59 #define CPU_THREAD_OVERFLOW_COMPENSATION
  60 #define DEBUG_LC
  61 //#define CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
  62 //#define THREAD_DEBUGGING
  63 #define SOFT_SWITCH_DEBUGGING
  64
  65 // Global variables
  66
  67 uint8_t ram[0x10000], rom[0x10000];                             // RAM & ROM spaces
  68 uint8_t ram2[0x10000];                                                  // Auxillary RAM
  69 //uint8_t diskRom[0x100];                                                       // Disk ROM space
  70 V65C02REGS mainCPU;                                                             // v65C02 execution context
  71 uint8_t appleType = APPLE_TYPE_IIE;
  72 FloppyDrive floppyDrive;
  73
  74 // Local variables
  75
  76 uint8_t lastKeyPressed = 0;
  77 bool keyDown = false;
  78 bool openAppleDown = false;
  79 bool closedAppleDown = false;
  80 bool store80Mode = false;
  81 bool vbl = false;
  82 bool slotCXROM = false;
  83 bool slotC3ROM = false;
  84 bool ramrd = false;
  85 bool ramwrt = false;
  86 bool altzp = false;
  87 bool ioudis = true;
  88 bool dhires = false;
  89
  90 static bool running = true;                                             // Machine running state flag...
  91 static uint32_t startTicks;
  92 static bool pauseMode = false;
  93 static bool fullscreenDebounce = false;
  94 static bool capsLock = false;
  95 static bool capsLockDebounce = false;
  96 //static GUI * gui = NULL;
  97
  98 // Local functions (technically, they're global...)
  99
 100 bool LoadImg(char * filename, uint8_t * ram, int size);
 101 uint8_t RdMem(uint16_t addr);
 102 void WrMem(uint16_t addr, uint8_t b);
 103 static void SaveApple2State(const char * filename);
 104 static bool LoadApple2State(const char * filename);
 105
 106 // Local timer callback functions
 107
 108 static void FrameCallback(void);
 109 static void BlinkTimer(void);
 110
 111 #ifdef THREADED_65C02
 112 // Test of threaded execution of 6502
 113 static SDL_Thread * cpuThread = NULL;
 114 //static SDL_mutex * cpuMutex = NULL;
 115 static SDL_cond * cpuCond = NULL;
 116 static SDL_sem * mainSem = NULL;
 117 static bool cpuFinished = false;
 118 static bool cpuSleep = false;
 119
 120 // NB: Apple //e Manual sez 6502 is running @ 1,022,727 Hz
 121
 122 // Let's try a thread...
 123 /*
 124 Here's how it works: Execute 1 frame's worth, then sleep.
 125 Other stuff wakes it up
 126 */
 127 int CPUThreadFunc(void * data)
 128 {
 129         // Mutex must be locked for conditional to work...
 130         // Also, must be created in the thread that uses it...
 131         SDL_mutex * cpuMutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
 132
 133 // decrement mainSem...
 134 //SDL_SemWait(mainSem);
 135 #ifdef CPU_THREAD_OVERFLOW_COMPENSATION
 136         float overflow = 0.0;
 137 #endif
 138
 139         do
 140         {
 141                 if (cpuSleep)
 142                         SDL_CondWait(cpuCond, cpuMutex);
 143
 144 // decrement mainSem...
 145 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 146 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_SemWait(mainSem);\n");
 147 #endif
 148 SDL_SemWait(mainSem);
 149
 150 // There are exactly 800 slices of 21.333 cycles per frame, so it works out
 151 // evenly.
 152 #if 0
 153                 uint32_t cycles = 17066;
 154 #ifdef CPU_THREAD_OVERFLOW_COMPENSATION
 155 // ODD! It's closer *without* this overflow compensation. ??? WHY ???
 156                 overflow += 0.666666667;
 157
 158                 if (overflow > 1.0)
 159                 {
 160                         overflow -= 1.0;
 161                         cycles++;
 162                 }
 163 #endif
 164
 165 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 166 WriteLog("CPU: Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles);\n");
 167 #endif
 168                 Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles); // how much? 1 frame (after 1 s, off by 40 cycles) not any more--it's off by as much as 240 now!
 169
 170                 // Adjust the sound routine's last cycle toggled time base
 171                 // Also, since we're finished executing, .clock is now valid
 172 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 173 WriteLog("CPU: AdjustLastToggleCycles(mainCPU.clock);\n");
 174 #endif
 175                 AdjustLastToggleCycles(mainCPU.clock);
 176 #else
 177 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 178 WriteLog("CPU: Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles);\n");
 179 #endif
 180                 for(int i=0; i<800; i++)
 181                 {
 182                         uint32_t cycles = 21;
 183                         overflow += 0.333333334;
 184
 185                         if (overflow > 1.0)
 186                         {
 187                                 cycles++;
 188                                 overflow -= 1.0;
 189                         }
 190
 191                         Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles);
 192                         WriteSampleToBuffer();
 193
 194                         // Dunno if this is correct (seems to be close enough)...
 195                         vbl = (i < 670 ? true : false);
 196                 }
 197 #endif
 198
 199 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 200 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_mutexP(cpuMutex);\n");
 201 #endif
 202                 SDL_mutexP(cpuMutex);
 203 // increment mainSem...
 204 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 205 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_SemPost(mainSem);\n");
 206 #endif
 207                 SDL_SemPost(mainSem);
 208 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 209 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_CondWait(cpuCond, cpuMutex);\n");
 210 #endif
 211                 SDL_CondWait(cpuCond, cpuMutex);
 212
 213 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 214 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_mutexV(cpuMutex);\n");
 215 #endif
 216                 SDL_mutexV(cpuMutex);
 217         }
 218         while (!cpuFinished);
 219
 220         SDL_DestroyMutex(cpuMutex);
 221
 222         return 0;
 223 }
 224 #endif
 225
 226
 227 #if 0
 228 // Test GUI function
 229
 230 Element * TestWindow(void)
 231 {
 232         Element * win = new DraggableWindow2(10, 10, 128, 128);
 233 //      ((DraggableWindow *)win)->AddElement(new TextEdit(4, 16, 92, 0, "u2prog.dsk", win));
 234
 235         return win;
 236 }
 237
 238
 239 Element * QuitEmulator(void)
 240 {
 241         gui->Stop();
 242         running = false;
 243
 244         return NULL;
 245 }
 246 #endif
 247
 248
 249 //
 250 // Load a file into RAM/ROM image space
 251 //
 252 bool LoadImg(char * filename, uint8_t * ram, int size)
 253 {
 254         FILE * fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
 255
 256         if (fp == NULL)
 257                 return false;
 258
 259         fread(ram, 1, size, fp);
 260         fclose(fp);
 261
 262         return true;
 263 }
 264
 265
 266 static void SaveApple2State(const char * filename)
 267 {
 268 }
 269
 270
 271 static bool LoadApple2State(const char * filename)
 272 {
 273         return false;
 274 }
 275
 276
 277 #ifdef CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
 278 uint8_t counter = 0;
 279 uint32_t totalCPU = 0;
 280 uint64_t lastClock = 0;
 281 #endif
 282 //
 283 // Main loop
 284 //
 285 int main(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[])
 286 {
 287         InitLog("./apple2.log");
 288         LoadSettings();
 289         srand(time(NULL));                                                                      // Initialize RNG
 290
 291         // Zero out memory
 292         memset(ram, 0, 0x10000);
 293         memset(rom, 0, 0x10000);
 294         memset(ram2, 0, 0x10000);
 295
 296 #if 1
 297         // Set up MMU
 298         SetupAddressMap();
 299
 300         // Set up V65C02 execution context
 301         memset(&mainCPU, 0, sizeof(V65C02REGS));
 302         mainCPU.RdMem = AppleReadMem;
 303         mainCPU.WrMem = AppleWriteMem;
 304 #else
 305         mainCPU.RdMem = RdMem;
 306         mainCPU.WrMem = WrMem;
 307 #endif
 308         mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
 309
 310 //      alternateCharset = true;
 311 //      if (!LoadImg(settings.BIOSPath, rom + 0xD000, 0x3000))
 312         if (!LoadImg(settings.BIOSPath, rom + 0xC000, 0x4000))
 313         {
 314                 WriteLog("Could not open file '%s'!\n", settings.BIOSPath);
 315                 return -1;
 316         }
 317
 318 //Load up disk image from config file (for now)...
 319         floppyDrive.LoadImage(settings.diskImagePath1, 0);
 320         floppyDrive.LoadImage(settings.diskImagePath2, 1);
 321 //      floppyDrive.LoadImage("./disks/temp.nib", 1);   // Load temp .nib file into second drive...
 322
 323         WriteLog("About to initialize video...\n");
 324
 325         if (!InitVideo())
 326         {
 327                 std::cout << "Aborting!" << std::endl;
 328                 return -1;
 329         }
 330
 331         GUI::Init(sdlRenderer);
 332
 333         // Have to do this *after* video init but *before* sound init...!
 334 //Shouldn't be necessary since we're not doing emulation in the ISR...
 335         if (settings.autoStateSaving)
 336         {
 337                 // Load last state from file...
 338                 if (!LoadApple2State(settings.autoStatePath))
 339                         WriteLog("Unable to use Apple2 state file \"%s\"!\n", settings.autoStatePath);
 340         }
 341
 342
 343 #if 0
 344 // State loading!
 345 if (!LoadImg("./BT1_6502_RAM_SPACE.bin", ram, 0x10000))
 346 {
 347         cout << "Couldn't load state file!" << endl;
 348         cout << "Aborting!!" << endl;
 349         return -1;
 350 }
 351
 352 //A  P  Y  X  S     PC
 353 //-- -- -- -- ----- -----
 354 //00 75 3B 53 FD 01 41 44
 355
 356 mainCPU.cpuFlags = 0;
 357 mainCPU.a = 0x00;
 358 mainCPU.x = 0x53;
 359 mainCPU.y = 0x3B;
 360 mainCPU.cc = 0x75;
 361 mainCPU.sp = 0xFD;
 362 mainCPU.pc = 0x4441;
 363
 364 textMode = false;
 365 mixedMode = false;
 366 displayPage2 = false;
 367 hiRes = true;
 368
 369 //kludge...
 370 readHiRam = true;
 371 //dumpDis=true;
 372 //kludge II...
 373 memcpy(ram + 0xD000, ram + 0xC000, 0x1000);
 374 #endif
 375
 376         WriteLog("About to initialize audio...\n");
 377         SoundInit();
 378 //nope  SDL_EnableUNICODE(1);                                           // Needed to do key translation shit
 379
 380 //      gui = new GUI(surface);                                         // Set up the GUI system object...
 381 //      gui = new GUI(mainSurface);                                     // Set up the GUI system object...
 382 // SDL 2... this will likely cause Apple 2 to crash
 383 //      gui = new GUI(NULL);                                    // Set up the GUI system object...
 384 #if 0
 385         gui->AddMenuTitle("Apple2");
 386         gui->AddMenuItem("Test!", TestWindow/*, hotkey*/);
 387         gui->AddMenuItem("");
 388         gui->AddMenuItem("Quit", QuitEmulator, SDLK_q);
 389         gui->CommitItemsToMenu();
 390 #endif
 391
 392         SetupBlurTable();                                                       // Set up the color TV emulation blur table
 393         running = true;                                                         // Set running status...
 394
 395         InitializeEventList();                                          // Clear the event list before we use it...
 396         SetCallbackTime(FrameCallback, 16666.66666667); // Set frame to fire at 1/60 s interval
 397         SetCallbackTime(BlinkTimer, 250000);            // Set up blinking at 1/4 s intervals
 398         startTicks = SDL_GetTicks();
 399
 400 #ifdef THREADED_65C02
 401         cpuCond = SDL_CreateCond();
 402         mainSem = SDL_CreateSemaphore(1);
 403         cpuThread = SDL_CreateThread(CPUThreadFunc, NULL, NULL);
 404 //Hmm... CPU does POST (+1), wait, then WAIT (-1)
 405 //      SDL_sem * mainMutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
 406 #endif
 407
 408         WriteLog("Entering main loop...\n");
 409
 410         while (running)
 411         {
 412                 double timeToNextEvent = GetTimeToNextEvent();
 413 #ifndef THREADED_65C02
 414                 Execute65C02(&mainCPU, USEC_TO_M6502_CYCLES(timeToNextEvent));
 415 #endif
 416 //We MUST remove a frame's worth of time in order for the CPU to function... !!! FIX !!!
 417 //(Fix so that this is not a requirement!)
 418 //Fixed, but mainCPU.clock is destroyed in the bargain. Oh well.
 419 //              mainCPU.clock -= USEC_TO_M6502_CYCLES(timeToNextEvent);
 420
 421 #ifdef CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
 422 #ifndef THREADED_65C02
 423 totalCPU += USEC_TO_M6502_CYCLES(timeToNextEvent);
 424 #endif
 425 #endif
 426                 HandleNextEvent();
 427         }
 428
 429 #ifdef THREADED_65C02
 430 WriteLog("Main: cpuFinished = true;\n");
 431 cpuFinished = true;
 432 //#warning "If sound thread is behind, CPU thread will never wake up... !!! FIX !!!" [DONE]
 433 //What to do? How do you know when the CPU is sleeping???
 434 //USE A CONDITIONAL!!! OF COURSE!!!!!!11!11!11!!!1!
 435 #if 0
 436 SDL_mutexP(mainMutex);
 437 SDL_CondWait(mainCond, mainMutex);      // Wait for CPU thread to get to signal point...
 438 SDL_mutexV(mainMutex);
 439 #else
 440 //Nope, use a semaphore...
 441 WriteLog("Main: SDL_SemWait(mainSem);\n");
 442 SDL_SemWait(mainSem);//should lock until CPU thread is waiting...
 443 #endif
 444
 445 WriteLog("Main: SDL_CondSignal(cpuCond);//thread is probably asleep, wake it up\n");
 446 SDL_CondSignal(cpuCond);//thread is probably asleep, wake it up
 447 WriteLog("Main: SDL_WaitThread(cpuThread, NULL);\n");
 448 SDL_WaitThread(cpuThread, NULL);
 449 //nowok:SDL_WaitThread(CPUThreadFunc, NULL);
 450 WriteLog("Main: SDL_DestroyCond(cpuCond);\n");
 451 SDL_DestroyCond(cpuCond);
 452
 453 //SDL_DestroyMutex(mainMutex);
 454 SDL_DestroySemaphore(mainSem);
 455 #endif
 456
 457         if (settings.autoStateSaving)
 458         {
 459                 // Save state here...
 460                 SaveApple2State(settings.autoStatePath);
 461         }
 462 floppyDrive.SaveImage(0);
 463 floppyDrive.SaveImage(1);
 464
 465         SoundDone();
 466         VideoDone();
 467         SaveSettings();
 468         LogDone();
 469
 470         return 0;
 471 }
 472
 473
 474 /*
 475 Apple II keycodes
 476 -----------------
 477
 478 Key     Aln CTL SHF BTH
 479 -----------------------
 480 space   $A0     $A0     $A0 $A0         No xlation
 481 RETURN  $8D     $8D     $8D     $8D             No xlation
 482 0               $B0     $B0     $B0     $B0             Need to screen shift+0 (?)
 483 1!              $B1 $B1 $A1 $A1         No xlation
 484 2"              $B2     $B2     $A2     $A2             No xlation
 485 3#              $B3     $B3     $A3     $A3             No xlation
 486 4$              $B4     $B4     $A4     $A4             No xlation
 487 5%              $B5     $B5     $A5     $A5             No xlation
 488 6&              $B6     $B6     $A6     $A6             No xlation
 489 7'              $B7     $B7     $A7     $A7             No xlation
 490 8(              $B8     $B8     $A8     $A8             No xlation
 491 9)              $B9     $B9     $A9     $A9             No xlation
 492 :*              $BA     $BA     $AA     $AA             No xlation
 493 ;+              $BB     $BB     $AB     $AB             No xlation
 494 ,<              $AC     $AC     $BC     $BC             No xlation
 495 -=              $AD     $AD     $BD     $BD             No xlation
 496 .>              $AE     $AE     $BE     $BE             No xlation
 497 /?              $AF     $AF     $BF     $BF             No xlation
 498 A               $C1     $81     $C1     $81
 499 B               $C2     $82     $C2     $82
 500 C               $C3     $83     $C3     $83
 501 D               $C4     $84     $C4     $84
 502 E               $C5     $85     $C5     $85
 503 F               $C6     $86     $C6     $86
 504 G               $C7     $87     $C7     $87
 505 H               $C8     $88     $C8     $88
 506 I               $C9     $89     $C9     $89
 507 J               $CA     $8A     $CA     $8A
 508 K               $CB     $8B     $CB     $8B
 509 L               $CC     $8C     $CC     $8C
 510 M               $CD     $8D     $DD     $9D             -> ODD
 511 N^              $CE     $8E     $DE     $9E             -> ODD
 512 O               $CF     $8F     $CF     $8F
 513 P@              $D0     $90     $C0     $80             Need to xlate CTL+SHFT+P & SHFT+P (?)
 514 Q               $D1     $91     $D1     $91
 515 R               $D2     $92     $D2     $92
 516 S               $D3     $93     $D3     $93
 517 T               $D4     $94     $D4     $94
 518 U               $D5     $95     $D5     $95
 519 V               $D6     $96     $D6     $96
 520 W               $D7     $97     $D7     $97
 521 X               $D8     $98     $D8     $98
 522 Y               $D9     $99     $D9     $99
 523 Z               $DA     $9A     $DA     $9A
 524 <-              $88     $88     $88     $88
 525 ->              $95     $95     $95     $95
 526 ESC             $9B     $9B     $9B     $9B             No xlation
 527
 528 */
 529 //static uint64_t lastCPUCycles = 0;
 530 static uint32_t frameCount = 0;
 531 static void FrameCallback(void)
 532 {
 533         SDL_Event event;
 534
 535         while (SDL_PollEvent(&event))
 536         {
 537                 switch (event.type)
 538                 {
 539 // Problem with using SDL_TEXTINPUT is that it causes key delay. :-/
 540 #if 0
 541                 case SDL_TEXTINPUT:
 542 //Need to do some key translation here, and screen out non-apple keys as well...
 543 //(really, could do it all in SDL_KEYDOWN, would just have to get symbols &
 544 // everything else done separately. this is slightly easier. :-P)
 545 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_TAB)   // Prelim key screening...
 546                         if (event.edit.text[0] == '\t') // Prelim key screening...
 547                                 break;
 548
 549                         lastKeyPressed = event.edit.text[0];
 550                         keyDown = true;
 551
 552                         //kludge: should have a caps lock thingy here...
 553                         //or all uppercase for ][+...
 554 //                      if (lastKeyPressed >= 'a' && lastKeyPressed <='z')
 555 //                              lastKeyPressed &= 0xDF;         // Convert to upper case...
 556
 557                         break;
 558 #endif
 559                 case SDL_KEYDOWN:
 560                         // Use ALT+Q to exit, as well as the usual window decoration method
 561                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_q && (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_ALT))
 562                                 running = false;
 563
 564                         // CTRL+RESET key emulation (mapped to CTRL+`)
 565 // This doesn't work...
 566 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BREAK && (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL))
 567 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAUSE && (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL))
 568                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BACKQUOTE && (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL))
 569                         {
 570 //NOTE that this shouldn't take place until the key is lifted... !!! FIX !!!
 571 //ALSO it seems to leave the machine in an inconsistent state vis-a-vis the language card...
 572                                 mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
 573                                 break;
 574                         }
 575
 576                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHT)
 577                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x15, keyDown = true;
 578                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFT)
 579                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x08, keyDown = true;
 580                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_UP)
 581                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x0B, keyDown = true;
 582                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_DOWN)
 583                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x0A, keyDown = true;
 584                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RETURN)
 585                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x0D, keyDown = true;
 586                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_ESCAPE)
 587                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x1B, keyDown = true;
 588                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BACKSPACE)
 589                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x7F, keyDown = true;
 590
 591                         // Fix CTRL+key combo...
 592                         if (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL)
 593                         {
 594                                 if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_a && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z)
 595                                 {
 596                                         lastKeyPressed = (event.key.keysym.sym - SDLK_a) + 1;
 597                                         keyDown = true;
 598 //printf("Key combo pressed: CTRL+%c\n", lastKeyPressed + 0x40);
 599                                         break;
 600                                 }
 601                         }
 602
 603 #if 1
 604                         // Fix SHIFT+key combo...
 605                         if (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_SHIFT)
 606                         {
 607                                 if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_a && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z)
 608                                 {
 609                                         lastKeyPressed = (event.key.keysym.sym - SDLK_a) + 0x41;
 610                                         keyDown = true;
 611 //printf("Key combo pressed: CTRL+%c\n", lastKeyPressed + 0x40);
 612                                         break;
 613                                 }
 614                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_1)
 615                                 {
 616                                         lastKeyPressed = '!';
 617                                         keyDown = true;
 618                                         break;
 619                                 }
 620                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_2)
 621                                 {
 622                                         lastKeyPressed = '@';
 623                                         keyDown = true;
 624                                         break;
 625                                 }
 626                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_3)
 627                                 {
 628                                         lastKeyPressed = '#';
 629                                         keyDown = true;
 630                                         break;
 631                                 }
 632                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_3)
 633                                 {
 634                                         lastKeyPressed = '#';
 635                                         keyDown = true;
 636                                         break;
 637                                 }
 638                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_4)
 639                                 {
 640                                         lastKeyPressed = '$';
 641                                         keyDown = true;
 642                                         break;
 643                                 }
 644                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_5)
 645                                 {
 646                                         lastKeyPressed = '%';
 647                                         keyDown = true;
 648                                         break;
 649                                 }
 650                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_6)
 651                                 {
 652                                         lastKeyPressed = '^';
 653                                         keyDown = true;
 654                                         break;
 655                                 }
 656                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_7)
 657                                 {
 658                                         lastKeyPressed = '&';
 659                                         keyDown = true;
 660                                         break;
 661                                 }
 662                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_8)
 663                                 {
 664                                         lastKeyPressed = '*';
 665                                         keyDown = true;
 666                                         break;
 667                                 }
 668                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_9)
 669                                 {
 670                                         lastKeyPressed = '(';
 671                                         keyDown = true;
 672                                         break;
 673                                 }
 674                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_0)
 675                                 {
 676                                         lastKeyPressed = ')';
 677                                         keyDown = true;
 678                                         break;
 679                                 }
 680                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_MINUS)
 681                                 {
 682                                         lastKeyPressed = '_';
 683                                         keyDown = true;
 684                                         break;
 685                                 }
 686                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_EQUALS)
 687                                 {
 688                                         lastKeyPressed = '+';
 689                                         keyDown = true;
 690                                         break;
 691                                 }
 692                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFTBRACKET)
 693                                 {
 694                                         lastKeyPressed = '{';
 695                                         keyDown = true;
 696                                         break;
 697                                 }
 698                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHTBRACKET)
 699                                 {
 700                                         lastKeyPressed = '}';
 701                                         keyDown = true;
 702                                         break;
 703                                 }
 704                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BACKSLASH)
 705                                 {
 706                                         lastKeyPressed = '|';
 707                                         keyDown = true;
 708                                         break;
 709                                 }
 710                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SEMICOLON)
 711                                 {
 712                                         lastKeyPressed = ':';
 713                                         keyDown = true;
 714                                         break;
 715                                 }
 716                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_QUOTE)
 717                                 {
 718                                         lastKeyPressed = '"';
 719                                         keyDown = true;
 720                                         break;
 721                                 }
 722                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_COMMA)
 723                                 {
 724                                         lastKeyPressed = '<';
 725                                         keyDown = true;
 726                                         break;
 727                                 }
 728                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PERIOD)
 729                                 {
 730                                         lastKeyPressed = '>';
 731                                         keyDown = true;
 732                                         break;
 733                                 }
 734                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SLASH)
 735                                 {
 736                                         lastKeyPressed = '?';
 737                                         keyDown = true;
 738                                         break;
 739                                 }
 740                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BACKQUOTE)
 741                                 {
 742                                         lastKeyPressed = '~';
 743                                         keyDown = true;
 744                                         break;
 745                                 }
 746                         }
 747 #endif
 748
 749                         // General keys...
 750                         if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_SPACE && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z)
 751                         {
 752                                 lastKeyPressed = event.key.keysym.sym;
 753                                 keyDown = true;
 754
 755                                 // Check for Caps Lock key...
 756                                 if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_a && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z && capsLock)
 757                                         lastKeyPressed -= 0x20;
 758
 759                                 break;
 760                         }
 761
 762                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAUSE)
 763                         {
 764                                 pauseMode = !pauseMode;
 765
 766                                 if (pauseMode)
 767                                 {
 768                                         SoundPause();
 769                                         SpawnMessage("*** PAUSED ***");
 770                                 }
 771                                 else
 772                                 {
 773                                         SoundResume();
 774                                         SpawnMessage("*** RESUME ***");
 775                                 }
 776                         }
 777
 778                         // Paddle buttons 0 & 1
 779                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_INSERT)
 780                                 openAppleDown = true;
 781                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAGEUP)
 782                                 closedAppleDown = true;
 783
 784                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F11)
 785                                 dumpDis = !dumpDis;                             // Toggle the disassembly process
 786 //                      else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F11)
 787 //                              floppyDrive.LoadImage("./disks/bt1_char.dsk");//Kludge to load char disk...
 788 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F9)
 789 {
 790         floppyDrive.CreateBlankImage(0);
 791 //      SpawnMessage("Image cleared...");
 792 }//*/
 793 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F10)
 794 {
 795         floppyDrive.SwapImages();
 796 //      SpawnMessage("Image swapped...");
 797 }//*/
 798
 799                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F2)// Toggle the palette
 800                                 TogglePalette();
 801                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F3)// Cycle through screen types
 802                                 CycleScreenTypes();
 803
 804 // GUI is no longer launched this way...
 805 #if 0
 806 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F5)    // Temp GUI launch key
 807                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F1)    // GUI launch key
 808 //NOTE: Should parse the output to determine whether or not the user requested
 809 //      to quit completely... !!! FIX !!!
 810                                 gui->Run();
 811 #endif
 812
 813                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F5)
 814                         {
 815                                 VolumeDown();
 816                                 char volStr[19] = "[****************]";
 817 //                              volStr[GetVolume()] = 0;
 818                                 for(int i=GetVolume(); i<16; i++)
 819                                         volStr[1 + i] = '-';
 820                                 SpawnMessage("Volume: %s", volStr);
 821                         }
 822                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F6)
 823                         {
 824                                 VolumeUp();
 825                                 char volStr[19] = "[****************]";
 826 //                              volStr[GetVolume()] = 0;
 827                                 for(int i=GetVolume(); i<16; i++)
 828                                         volStr[1 + i] = '-';
 829                                 SpawnMessage("Volume: %s", volStr);
 830                         }
 831
 832                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F12)
 833                         {
 834                                 if (!fullscreenDebounce)
 835                                 {
 836                                         ToggleFullScreen();
 837                                         fullscreenDebounce = true;
 838                                 }
 839                         }
 840
 841                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_CAPSLOCK)
 842                         {
 843                                 if (!capsLockDebounce)
 844                                 {
 845                                         capsLock = !capsLock;
 846                                         capsLockDebounce = true;
 847                                 }
 848                         }
 849
 850                         break;
 851                 case SDL_KEYUP:
 852                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F12)
 853                                 fullscreenDebounce = false;
 854                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_CAPSLOCK)
 855                                 capsLockDebounce = false;
 856
 857                         // Paddle buttons 0 & 1
 858                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_INSERT)
 859                                 openAppleDown = false;
 860                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAGEUP)
 861                                 closedAppleDown = false;
 862
 863 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_a && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z)
 864 //                              keyDown = false;
 865
 866                         break;
 867                 case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
 868                         GUI::MouseDown(event.motion.x, event.motion.y, event.motion.state);
 869                         break;
 870                 case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP:
 871                         GUI::MouseUp(event.motion.x, event.motion.y, event.motion.state);
 872                         break;
 873                 case SDL_MOUSEMOTION:
 874                         GUI::MouseMove(event.motion.x, event.motion.y, event.motion.state);
 875                         break;
 876                 case SDL_WINDOWEVENT:
 877                         if (event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_LEAVE)
 878                                 GUI::MouseMove(0, 0, 0);
 879
 880                         break;
 881                 case SDL_QUIT:
 882                         running = false;
 883                 }
 884         }
 885
 886 //#warning "!!! Taking MAJOR time hit with the video frame rendering !!!"
 887         RenderVideoFrame();
 888         RenderScreenBuffer();
 889         GUI::Render(sdlRenderer);
 890         SDL_RenderPresent(sdlRenderer);
 891         SetCallbackTime(FrameCallback, 16666.66666667);
 892
 893 #ifdef CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
 894 //We know it's stopped, so we can get away with this...
 895 counter++;
 896 if (counter == 60)
 897 {
 898         uint64_t clock = GetCurrentV65C02Clock();
 899 //totalCPU += (uint32_t)(clock - lastClock);
 900
 901         printf("Executed %u cycles...\n", (uint32_t)(clock - lastClock));
 902         lastClock = clock;
 903 //      totalCPU = 0;
 904         counter = 0;
 905 }
 906 #endif
 907 //Instead of this, we should yield remaining time to other processes... !!! FIX !!! [DONE]
 908 //lessee...
 909 //nope.
 910 //Actually, slows things down too much...
 911 //SDL_Delay(10);
 912 //      while (SDL_GetTicks() - startTicks < 16);       // Wait for next frame...
 913
 914 // This is the problem: If you set the interval to 16, it runs faster than
 915 // 1/60s per frame. If you set it to 17, it runs slower. What we need is to
 916 // have it do 16 for one frame, then 17 for two others. Then it should average
 917 // out to 1/60s per frame every 3 frames.
 918         frameCount = (frameCount + 1) % 3;
 919         uint32_t waitFrameTime = 17 - (frameCount == 0 ? 1 : 0);
 920
 921         while (SDL_GetTicks() - startTicks < waitFrameTime)
 922                 SDL_Delay(1);                                                   // Wait for next frame...
 923
 924         startTicks = SDL_GetTicks();
 925 #if 0
 926         uint64_t cpuCycles = GetCurrentV65C02Clock();
 927         uint32_t cyclesBurned = (uint32_t)(cpuCycles - lastCPUCycles);
 928         WriteLog("FrameCallback: used %i cycles\n", cyclesBurned);
 929         lastCPUCycles = cpuCycles;
 930 #endif
 931
 932 //let's wait, then signal...
 933 //works longer, but then still falls behind...
 934 #ifdef THREADED_65C02
 935         if (!pauseMode)
 936                 SDL_CondSignal(cpuCond);//OK, let the CPU go another frame...
 937 #endif
 938 }
 939
 940
 941 static void BlinkTimer(void)
 942 {
 943         flash = !flash;
 944         SetCallbackTime(BlinkTimer, 250000);            // Set up blinking at 1/4 sec intervals
 945 }
 946
 947
 948 /*
 949 Next problem is this: How to have events occur and synchronize with the rest
 950 of the threads?
 951
 952   o Have the CPU thread manage the timer mechanism? (need to have a method of carrying
 953     remainder CPU cycles over...)
 954
 955 One way would be to use a fractional accumulator, then subtract 1 every
 956 time it overflows. Like so:
 957
 958 double overflow = 0;
 959 uint32_t time = 20;
 960 while (!done)
 961 {
 962         Execute6808(&soundCPU, time);
 963         overflow += 0.289115646;
 964         if (overflow > 1.0)
 965         {
 966                 overflow -= 1.0;
 967                 time = 21;
 968         }
 969         else
 970                 time = 20;
 971 }
 972 */