Shamusworld >> Repos - apple2/blob - src/apple2.cpp

   1 //
   2 // Apple 2 SDL Portable Apple Emulator
   3 //
   4 // by James Hammons
   5 // © 2014 Underground Software
   6 //
   7 // Loosely based on AppleWin by Tom Charlesworth which was based on AppleWin by
   8 // Oliver Schmidt which was based on AppleWin by Michael O'Brien. :-) Parts are
   9 // also derived from ApplePC. Too bad it was closed source--it could have been
  10 // *the* premier Apple II emulator out there.
  11 //
  12 // JLH = James Hammons <jlhamm@acm.org>
  13 //
  14 // WHO  WHEN        WHAT
  15 // ---  ----------  ------------------------------------------------------------
  16 // JLH  11/12/2005  Initial port to SDL
  17 // JLH  11/18/2005  Wired up graphic soft switches
  18 // JLH  12/02/2005  Setup timer subsystem for more accurate time keeping
  19 // JLH  12/12/2005  Added preliminary state saving support
  20 // JLH  09/24/2013  Added //e support
  21 //
  22
  23 // STILL TO DO:
  24 //
  25 // - Port to SDL [DONE]
  26 // - GUI goodies
  27 // - Weed out unneeded functions [DONE]
  28 // - Disk I/O [DONE]
  29 // - 128K IIe related stuff [DONE]
  30 // - State loading/saving
  31 //
  32
  33 #include "apple2.h"
  34
  35 #include <SDL2/SDL.h>
  36 #include <fstream>
  37 #include <string>
  38 #include <iomanip>
  39 #include <iostream>
  40 #include <stdio.h>
  41 #include <stdlib.h>
  42 #include <time.h>
  43 #include "log.h"
  44 #include "video.h"
  45 #include "sound.h"
  46 #include "settings.h"
  47 #include "v65c02.h"
  48 #include "applevideo.h"
  49 #include "timing.h"
  50 #include "floppy.h"
  51 #include "firmware.h"
  52 #include "mmu.h"
  53
  54 #include "gui/gui.h"
  55
  56 // Debug and misc. defines
  57
  58 #define THREADED_65C02
  59 #define CPU_THREAD_OVERFLOW_COMPENSATION
  60 #define DEBUG_LC
  61 //#define CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
  62 //#define THREAD_DEBUGGING
  63 #define SOFT_SWITCH_DEBUGGING
  64
  65 // Global variables
  66
  67 uint8_t ram[0x10000], rom[0x10000];                     // RAM & ROM spaces
  68 uint8_t ram2[0x10000];                                          // Auxillary RAM
  69 //uint8_t diskRom[0x100];                                               // Disk ROM space
  70 V65C02REGS mainCPU;                                                     // v65C02 execution context
  71 uint8_t appleType = APPLE_TYPE_IIE;
  72 FloppyDrive floppyDrive;
  73 //bool powerOnState = true;                                     // Virtual power switch
  74 bool powerStateChangeRequested = false;
  75
  76 // Local variables
  77
  78 uint8_t lastKeyPressed = 0;
  79 bool keyDown = false;
  80 bool openAppleDown = false;
  81 bool closedAppleDown = false;
  82 bool store80Mode = false;
  83 bool vbl = false;
  84 bool slotCXROM = false;
  85 bool slotC3ROM = false;
  86 bool ramrd = false;
  87 bool ramwrt = false;
  88 bool altzp = false;
  89 bool ioudis = true;
  90 bool dhires = false;
  91 // Language card state (ROM read, no write)
  92 uint8_t lcState = 0x02;
  93
  94 static bool running = true;                                     // Machine running state flag...
  95 static uint32_t startTicks;
  96 static bool pauseMode = false;
  97 static bool fullscreenDebounce = false;
  98 static bool capsLock = false;
  99 static bool capsLockDebounce = false;
 100
 101 // Local functions (technically, they're global...)
 102
 103 bool LoadImg(char * filename, uint8_t * ram, int size);
 104 static void SaveApple2State(const char * filename);
 105 static bool LoadApple2State(const char * filename);
 106 static void ResetApple2State(void);
 107
 108 // Local timer callback functions
 109
 110 static void FrameCallback(void);
 111 static void BlinkTimer(void);
 112
 113 #ifdef THREADED_65C02
 114 // Test of threaded execution of 6502
 115 static SDL_Thread * cpuThread = NULL;
 116 //static SDL_mutex * cpuMutex = NULL;
 117 static SDL_cond * cpuCond = NULL;
 118 static SDL_sem * mainSem = NULL;
 119 static bool cpuFinished = false;
 120 static bool cpuSleep = false;
 121
 122 // NB: Apple //e Manual sez 6502 is running @ 1,022,727 Hz
 123
 124 // Let's try a thread...
 125 /*
 126 Here's how it works: Execute 1 frame's worth, then sleep.
 127 Other stuff wakes it up
 128 */
 129 int CPUThreadFunc(void * data)
 130 {
 131         // Mutex must be locked for conditional to work...
 132         // Also, must be created in the thread that uses it...
 133         SDL_mutex * cpuMutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
 134
 135 // decrement mainSem...
 136 //SDL_SemWait(mainSem);
 137 #ifdef CPU_THREAD_OVERFLOW_COMPENSATION
 138         float overflow = 0.0;
 139 #endif
 140
 141         do
 142         {
 143                 if (cpuSleep)
 144                         SDL_CondWait(cpuCond, cpuMutex);
 145
 146 // decrement mainSem...
 147 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 148 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_SemWait(mainSem);\n");
 149 #endif
 150 SDL_SemWait(mainSem);
 151
 152 // There are exactly 800 slices of 21.333 cycles per frame, so it works out
 153 // evenly.
 154 #if 0
 155                 uint32_t cycles = 17066;
 156 #ifdef CPU_THREAD_OVERFLOW_COMPENSATION
 157 // ODD! It's closer *without* this overflow compensation. ??? WHY ???
 158                 overflow += 0.666666667;
 159
 160                 if (overflow > 1.0)
 161                 {
 162                         overflow -= 1.0;
 163                         cycles++;
 164                 }
 165 #endif
 166
 167 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 168 WriteLog("CPU: Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles);\n");
 169 #endif
 170                 Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles); // how much? 1 frame (after 1 s, off by 40 cycles) not any more--it's off by as much as 240 now!
 171
 172                 // Adjust the sound routine's last cycle toggled time base
 173                 // Also, since we're finished executing, .clock is now valid
 174 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 175 WriteLog("CPU: AdjustLastToggleCycles(mainCPU.clock);\n");
 176 #endif
 177                 AdjustLastToggleCycles(mainCPU.clock);
 178 #else
 179 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 180 WriteLog("CPU: Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles);\n");
 181 #endif
 182                 for(int i=0; i<800; i++)
 183                 {
 184                         uint32_t cycles = 21;
 185                         overflow += 0.333333334;
 186
 187                         if (overflow > 1.0)
 188                         {
 189                                 cycles++;
 190                                 overflow -= 1.0;
 191                         }
 192
 193                         Execute65C02(&mainCPU, cycles);
 194                         WriteSampleToBuffer();
 195
 196                         // Dunno if this is correct (seems to be close enough)...
 197                         vbl = (i < 670 ? true : false);
 198                 }
 199 #endif
 200
 201 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 202 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_mutexP(cpuMutex);\n");
 203 #endif
 204                 SDL_mutexP(cpuMutex);
 205 // increment mainSem...
 206 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 207 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_SemPost(mainSem);\n");
 208 #endif
 209                 SDL_SemPost(mainSem);
 210 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 211 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_CondWait(cpuCond, cpuMutex);\n");
 212 #endif
 213                 SDL_CondWait(cpuCond, cpuMutex);
 214
 215 #ifdef THREAD_DEBUGGING
 216 WriteLog("CPU: SDL_mutexV(cpuMutex);\n");
 217 #endif
 218                 SDL_mutexV(cpuMutex);
 219         }
 220         while (!cpuFinished);
 221
 222         SDL_DestroyMutex(cpuMutex);
 223
 224         return 0;
 225 }
 226 #endif
 227
 228
 229 #if 1
 230 //
 231 // Request a change in the power state of the emulated Apple
 232 //
 233 void SetPowerState(void)
 234 {
 235 //      powerOnState = state;
 236 //      pauseMode = !state;
 237
 238 //      if (!pauseMode)
 239 //      {
 240 //printf("Turning on...\n");
 241                 // Transitioning from OFF to ON
 242 //              mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
 243 //              SoundResume();
 244 //      }
 245 //      else
 246 //      {
 247 //printf("Turning off...\n");
 248                 // Turn it off...
 249 //              SoundPause();
 250 //      }
 251         powerStateChangeRequested = true;
 252 }
 253 #endif
 254
 255
 256 //
 257 // Load a file into RAM/ROM image space
 258 //
 259 bool LoadImg(char * filename, uint8_t * ram, int size)
 260 {
 261         FILE * fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
 262
 263         if (fp == NULL)
 264                 return false;
 265
 266         fread(ram, 1, size, fp);
 267         fclose(fp);
 268
 269         return true;
 270 }
 271
 272
 273 static void SaveApple2State(const char * filename)
 274 {
 275 }
 276
 277
 278 static bool LoadApple2State(const char * filename)
 279 {
 280         return false;
 281 }
 282
 283
 284 static void ResetApple2State(void)
 285 {
 286         mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
 287         keyDown = false;
 288         openAppleDown = false;
 289         closedAppleDown = false;
 290         store80Mode = false;
 291         vbl = false;
 292         slotCXROM = false;
 293         slotC3ROM = false;
 294         ramrd = false;
 295         ramwrt = false;
 296         altzp = false;
 297         ioudis = true;
 298         dhires = false;
 299         lcState = 0x02;
 300         SwitchLC();                     // Make sure MMU is in sane state
 301         memset(ram, 0, 0x10000);
 302         memset(ram2, 0, 0x10000);
 303 }
 304
 305
 306 #ifdef CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
 307 uint8_t counter = 0;
 308 uint32_t totalCPU = 0;
 309 uint64_t lastClock = 0;
 310 #endif
 311 //
 312 // Main loop
 313 //
 314 int main(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[])
 315 {
 316         InitLog("./apple2.log");
 317         LoadSettings();
 318         srand(time(NULL));                                                                      // Initialize RNG
 319
 320         // Zero out memory
 321         memset(ram, 0, 0x10000);
 322         memset(rom, 0, 0x10000);
 323         memset(ram2, 0, 0x10000);
 324
 325         // Set up MMU
 326         SetupAddressMap();
 327
 328         // Set up V65C02 execution context
 329         memset(&mainCPU, 0, sizeof(V65C02REGS));
 330         mainCPU.RdMem = AppleReadMem;
 331         mainCPU.WrMem = AppleWriteMem;
 332         mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
 333
 334 //      alternateCharset = true;
 335 //      if (!LoadImg(settings.BIOSPath, rom + 0xD000, 0x3000))
 336         if (!LoadImg(settings.BIOSPath, rom + 0xC000, 0x4000))
 337         {
 338                 WriteLog("Could not open file '%s'!\n", settings.BIOSPath);
 339                 return -1;
 340         }
 341
 342 //Load up disk image from config file (for now)...
 343         floppyDrive.LoadImage(settings.diskImagePath1, 0);
 344         floppyDrive.LoadImage(settings.diskImagePath2, 1);
 345 //      floppyDrive.LoadImage("./disks/temp.nib", 1);   // Load temp .nib file into second drive...
 346
 347         WriteLog("About to initialize video...\n");
 348
 349         if (!InitVideo())
 350         {
 351                 std::cout << "Aborting!" << std::endl;
 352                 return -1;
 353         }
 354
 355         GUI::Init(sdlRenderer);
 356
 357         // Have to do this *after* video init but *before* sound init...!
 358 //Shouldn't be necessary since we're not doing emulation in the ISR...
 359         if (settings.autoStateSaving)
 360         {
 361                 // Load last state from file...
 362                 if (!LoadApple2State(settings.autoStatePath))
 363                         WriteLog("Unable to use Apple2 state file \"%s\"!\n", settings.autoStatePath);
 364         }
 365
 366         WriteLog("About to initialize audio...\n");
 367         SoundInit();
 368         SetupBlurTable();                                                       // Set up the color TV emulation blur table
 369         running = true;                                                         // Set running status...
 370         InitializeEventList();                                          // Clear the event list before we use it...
 371         SetCallbackTime(FrameCallback, 16666.66666667); // Set frame to fire at 1/60 s interval
 372         SetCallbackTime(BlinkTimer, 250000);            // Set up blinking at 1/4 s intervals
 373         startTicks = SDL_GetTicks();
 374
 375 #ifdef THREADED_65C02
 376         cpuCond = SDL_CreateCond();
 377         mainSem = SDL_CreateSemaphore(1);
 378         cpuThread = SDL_CreateThread(CPUThreadFunc, NULL, NULL);
 379 //Hmm... CPU does POST (+1), wait, then WAIT (-1)
 380 //      SDL_sem * mainMutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
 381 #endif
 382
 383         WriteLog("Entering main loop...\n");
 384
 385         while (running)
 386         {
 387                 double timeToNextEvent = GetTimeToNextEvent();
 388 #ifndef THREADED_65C02
 389                 Execute65C02(&mainCPU, USEC_TO_M6502_CYCLES(timeToNextEvent));
 390 #endif
 391 //We MUST remove a frame's worth of time in order for the CPU to function... !!! FIX !!!
 392 //(Fix so that this is not a requirement!)
 393 //Fixed, but mainCPU.clock is destroyed in the bargain. Oh well.
 394 //              mainCPU.clock -= USEC_TO_M6502_CYCLES(timeToNextEvent);
 395
 396 #ifdef CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
 397 #ifndef THREADED_65C02
 398 totalCPU += USEC_TO_M6502_CYCLES(timeToNextEvent);
 399 #endif
 400 #endif
 401                 HandleNextEvent();
 402         }
 403
 404 #ifdef THREADED_65C02
 405 WriteLog("Main: cpuFinished = true;\n");
 406 cpuFinished = true;
 407 //#warning "If sound thread is behind, CPU thread will never wake up... !!! FIX !!!" [DONE]
 408 //What to do? How do you know when the CPU is sleeping???
 409 //USE A CONDITIONAL!!! OF COURSE!!!!!!11!11!11!!!1!
 410 //Nope, use a semaphore...
 411 WriteLog("Main: SDL_SemWait(mainSem);\n");
 412 SDL_SemWait(mainSem);//should lock until CPU thread is waiting...
 413 #endif
 414
 415 WriteLog("Main: SDL_CondSignal(cpuCond);//thread is probably asleep, wake it up\n");
 416 SDL_CondSignal(cpuCond);//thread is probably asleep, wake it up
 417 WriteLog("Main: SDL_WaitThread(cpuThread, NULL);\n");
 418 SDL_WaitThread(cpuThread, NULL);
 419 //nowok:SDL_WaitThread(CPUThreadFunc, NULL);
 420 WriteLog("Main: SDL_DestroyCond(cpuCond);\n");
 421 SDL_DestroyCond(cpuCond);
 422
 423 SDL_DestroySemaphore(mainSem);
 424
 425         if (settings.autoStateSaving)
 426         {
 427                 // Save state here...
 428                 SaveApple2State(settings.autoStatePath);
 429         }
 430 floppyDrive.SaveImage(0);
 431 floppyDrive.SaveImage(1);
 432
 433         SoundDone();
 434         VideoDone();
 435         SaveSettings();
 436         LogDone();
 437
 438         return 0;
 439 }
 440
 441
 442 /*
 443 Apple II keycodes
 444 -----------------
 445
 446 Key     Aln CTL SHF BTH
 447 -----------------------
 448 space   $A0     $A0     $A0 $A0         No xlation
 449 RETURN  $8D     $8D     $8D     $8D             No xlation
 450 0               $B0     $B0     $B0     $B0             Need to screen shift+0 (?)
 451 1!              $B1 $B1 $A1 $A1         No xlation
 452 2"              $B2     $B2     $A2     $A2             No xlation
 453 3#              $B3     $B3     $A3     $A3             No xlation
 454 4$              $B4     $B4     $A4     $A4             No xlation
 455 5%              $B5     $B5     $A5     $A5             No xlation
 456 6&              $B6     $B6     $A6     $A6             No xlation
 457 7'              $B7     $B7     $A7     $A7             No xlation
 458 8(              $B8     $B8     $A8     $A8             No xlation
 459 9)              $B9     $B9     $A9     $A9             No xlation
 460 :*              $BA     $BA     $AA     $AA             No xlation
 461 ;+              $BB     $BB     $AB     $AB             No xlation
 462 ,<              $AC     $AC     $BC     $BC             No xlation
 463 -=              $AD     $AD     $BD     $BD             No xlation
 464 .>              $AE     $AE     $BE     $BE             No xlation
 465 /?              $AF     $AF     $BF     $BF             No xlation
 466 A               $C1     $81     $C1     $81
 467 B               $C2     $82     $C2     $82
 468 C               $C3     $83     $C3     $83
 469 D               $C4     $84     $C4     $84
 470 E               $C5     $85     $C5     $85
 471 F               $C6     $86     $C6     $86
 472 G               $C7     $87     $C7     $87
 473 H               $C8     $88     $C8     $88
 474 I               $C9     $89     $C9     $89
 475 J               $CA     $8A     $CA     $8A
 476 K               $CB     $8B     $CB     $8B
 477 L               $CC     $8C     $CC     $8C
 478 M               $CD     $8D     $DD     $9D             -> ODD
 479 N^              $CE     $8E     $DE     $9E             -> ODD
 480 O               $CF     $8F     $CF     $8F
 481 P@              $D0     $90     $C0     $80             Need to xlate CTL+SHFT+P & SHFT+P (?)
 482 Q               $D1     $91     $D1     $91
 483 R               $D2     $92     $D2     $92
 484 S               $D3     $93     $D3     $93
 485 T               $D4     $94     $D4     $94
 486 U               $D5     $95     $D5     $95
 487 V               $D6     $96     $D6     $96
 488 W               $D7     $97     $D7     $97
 489 X               $D8     $98     $D8     $98
 490 Y               $D9     $99     $D9     $99
 491 Z               $DA     $9A     $DA     $9A
 492 <-              $88     $88     $88     $88
 493 ->              $95     $95     $95     $95
 494 ESC             $9B     $9B     $9B     $9B             No xlation
 495
 496 */
 497 //static uint64_t lastCPUCycles = 0;
 498 static uint32_t frameCount = 0;
 499 static void FrameCallback(void)
 500 {
 501         SDL_Event event;
 502
 503         while (SDL_PollEvent(&event))
 504         {
 505                 switch (event.type)
 506                 {
 507 // Problem with using SDL_TEXTINPUT is that it causes key delay. :-/
 508 #if 0
 509                 case SDL_TEXTINPUT:
 510 //Need to do some key translation here, and screen out non-apple keys as well...
 511 //(really, could do it all in SDL_KEYDOWN, would just have to get symbols &
 512 // everything else done separately. this is slightly easier. :-P)
 513 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_TAB)   // Prelim key screening...
 514                         if (event.edit.text[0] == '\t') // Prelim key screening...
 515                                 break;
 516
 517                         lastKeyPressed = event.edit.text[0];
 518                         keyDown = true;
 519
 520                         //kludge: should have a caps lock thingy here...
 521                         //or all uppercase for ][+...
 522 //                      if (lastKeyPressed >= 'a' && lastKeyPressed <='z')
 523 //                              lastKeyPressed &= 0xDF;         // Convert to upper case...
 524
 525                         break;
 526 #endif
 527                 case SDL_KEYDOWN:
 528                         // Use ALT+Q to exit, as well as the usual window decoration method
 529                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_q && (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_ALT))
 530                                 running = false;
 531
 532                         // CTRL+RESET key emulation (mapped to CTRL+`)
 533 // This doesn't work...
 534 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BREAK && (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL))
 535 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAUSE && (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL))
 536                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BACKQUOTE && (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL))
 537                         {
 538 //NOTE that this shouldn't take place until the key is lifted... !!! FIX !!!
 539 //ALSO it seems to leave the machine in an inconsistent state vis-a-vis the language card...
 540                                 mainCPU.cpuFlags |= V65C02_ASSERT_LINE_RESET;
 541                                 break;
 542                         }
 543
 544                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHT)
 545                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x15, keyDown = true;
 546                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFT)
 547                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x08, keyDown = true;
 548                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_UP)
 549                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x0B, keyDown = true;
 550                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_DOWN)
 551                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x0A, keyDown = true;
 552                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RETURN)
 553                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x0D, keyDown = true;
 554                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_ESCAPE)
 555                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x1B, keyDown = true;
 556                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BACKSPACE)
 557                                 lastKeyPressed = 0x7F, keyDown = true;
 558
 559                         // Fix CTRL+key combo...
 560                         if (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL)
 561                         {
 562                                 if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_a && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z)
 563                                 {
 564                                         lastKeyPressed = (event.key.keysym.sym - SDLK_a) + 1;
 565                                         keyDown = true;
 566 //printf("Key combo pressed: CTRL+%c\n", lastKeyPressed + 0x40);
 567                                         break;
 568                                 }
 569                         }
 570
 571 #if 1
 572                         // Fix SHIFT+key combo...
 573                         if (event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_SHIFT)
 574                         {
 575                                 if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_a && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z)
 576                                 {
 577                                         lastKeyPressed = (event.key.keysym.sym - SDLK_a) + 0x41;
 578                                         keyDown = true;
 579 //printf("Key combo pressed: CTRL+%c\n", lastKeyPressed + 0x40);
 580                                         break;
 581                                 }
 582                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_1)
 583                                 {
 584                                         lastKeyPressed = '!';
 585                                         keyDown = true;
 586                                         break;
 587                                 }
 588                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_2)
 589                                 {
 590                                         lastKeyPressed = '@';
 591                                         keyDown = true;
 592                                         break;
 593                                 }
 594                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_3)
 595                                 {
 596                                         lastKeyPressed = '#';
 597                                         keyDown = true;
 598                                         break;
 599                                 }
 600                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_3)
 601                                 {
 602                                         lastKeyPressed = '#';
 603                                         keyDown = true;
 604                                         break;
 605                                 }
 606                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_4)
 607                                 {
 608                                         lastKeyPressed = '$';
 609                                         keyDown = true;
 610                                         break;
 611                                 }
 612                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_5)
 613                                 {
 614                                         lastKeyPressed = '%';
 615                                         keyDown = true;
 616                                         break;
 617                                 }
 618                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_6)
 619                                 {
 620                                         lastKeyPressed = '^';
 621                                         keyDown = true;
 622                                         break;
 623                                 }
 624                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_7)
 625                                 {
 626                                         lastKeyPressed = '&';
 627                                         keyDown = true;
 628                                         break;
 629                                 }
 630                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_8)
 631                                 {
 632                                         lastKeyPressed = '*';
 633                                         keyDown = true;
 634                                         break;
 635                                 }
 636                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_9)
 637                                 {
 638                                         lastKeyPressed = '(';
 639                                         keyDown = true;
 640                                         break;
 641                                 }
 642                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_0)
 643                                 {
 644                                         lastKeyPressed = ')';
 645                                         keyDown = true;
 646                                         break;
 647                                 }
 648                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_MINUS)
 649                                 {
 650                                         lastKeyPressed = '_';
 651                                         keyDown = true;
 652                                         break;
 653                                 }
 654                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_EQUALS)
 655                                 {
 656                                         lastKeyPressed = '+';
 657                                         keyDown = true;
 658                                         break;
 659                                 }
 660                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFTBRACKET)
 661                                 {
 662                                         lastKeyPressed = '{';
 663                                         keyDown = true;
 664                                         break;
 665                                 }
 666                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHTBRACKET)
 667                                 {
 668                                         lastKeyPressed = '}';
 669                                         keyDown = true;
 670                                         break;
 671                                 }
 672                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BACKSLASH)
 673                                 {
 674                                         lastKeyPressed = '|';
 675                                         keyDown = true;
 676                                         break;
 677                                 }
 678                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SEMICOLON)
 679                                 {
 680                                         lastKeyPressed = ':';
 681                                         keyDown = true;
 682                                         break;
 683                                 }
 684                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_QUOTE)
 685                                 {
 686                                         lastKeyPressed = '"';
 687                                         keyDown = true;
 688                                         break;
 689                                 }
 690                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_COMMA)
 691                                 {
 692                                         lastKeyPressed = '<';
 693                                         keyDown = true;
 694                                         break;
 695                                 }
 696                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PERIOD)
 697                                 {
 698                                         lastKeyPressed = '>';
 699                                         keyDown = true;
 700                                         break;
 701                                 }
 702                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SLASH)
 703                                 {
 704                                         lastKeyPressed = '?';
 705                                         keyDown = true;
 706                                         break;
 707                                 }
 708                                 else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_BACKQUOTE)
 709                                 {
 710                                         lastKeyPressed = '~';
 711                                         keyDown = true;
 712                                         break;
 713                                 }
 714                         }
 715 #endif
 716
 717                         // General keys...
 718                         if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_SPACE && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z)
 719                         {
 720                                 lastKeyPressed = event.key.keysym.sym;
 721                                 keyDown = true;
 722
 723                                 // Check for Caps Lock key...
 724                                 if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_a && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z && capsLock)
 725                                         lastKeyPressed -= 0x20;
 726
 727                                 break;
 728                         }
 729
 730                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAUSE)
 731                         {
 732                                 pauseMode = !pauseMode;
 733
 734                                 if (pauseMode)
 735                                 {
 736                                         SoundPause();
 737                                         SpawnMessage("*** PAUSED ***");
 738                                 }
 739                                 else
 740                                 {
 741                                         SoundResume();
 742                                         SpawnMessage("*** RESUME ***");
 743                                 }
 744                         }
 745
 746                         // Paddle buttons 0 & 1
 747                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_INSERT)
 748                                 openAppleDown = true;
 749                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAGEUP)
 750                                 closedAppleDown = true;
 751
 752                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F11)
 753                                 dumpDis = !dumpDis;                             // Toggle the disassembly process
 754
 755 /*else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F9)
 756 {
 757         floppyDrive.CreateBlankImage(0);
 758 //      SpawnMessage("Image cleared...");
 759 }//*/
 760 /*else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F10)
 761 {
 762         floppyDrive.SwapImages();
 763 //      SpawnMessage("Image swapped...");
 764 }//*/
 765
 766                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F2)// Toggle the palette
 767                                 TogglePalette();
 768                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F3)// Cycle through screen types
 769                                 CycleScreenTypes();
 770                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F5)
 771                         {
 772                                 VolumeDown();
 773                                 char volStr[19] = "[****************]";
 774 //                              volStr[GetVolume()] = 0;
 775                                 for(int i=GetVolume(); i<16; i++)
 776                                         volStr[1 + i] = '-';
 777                                 SpawnMessage("Volume: %s", volStr);
 778                         }
 779                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F6)
 780                         {
 781                                 VolumeUp();
 782                                 char volStr[19] = "[****************]";
 783 //                              volStr[GetVolume()] = 0;
 784                                 for(int i=GetVolume(); i<16; i++)
 785                                         volStr[1 + i] = '-';
 786                                 SpawnMessage("Volume: %s", volStr);
 787                         }
 788                         else if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F12)
 789                         {
 790                                 if (!fullscreenDebounce)
 791                                 {
 792                                         ToggleFullScreen();
 793                                         fullscreenDebounce = true;
 794                                 }
 795                         }
 796
 797                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_CAPSLOCK)
 798                         {
 799                                 if (!capsLockDebounce)
 800                                 {
 801                                         capsLock = !capsLock;
 802                                         capsLockDebounce = true;
 803                                 }
 804                         }
 805
 806                         break;
 807                 case SDL_KEYUP:
 808                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_F12)
 809                                 fullscreenDebounce = false;
 810                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_CAPSLOCK)
 811                                 capsLockDebounce = false;
 812
 813                         // Paddle buttons 0 & 1
 814                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_INSERT)
 815                                 openAppleDown = false;
 816                         if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAGEUP)
 817                                 closedAppleDown = false;
 818
 819 //                      if (event.key.keysym.sym >= SDLK_a && event.key.keysym.sym <= SDLK_z)
 820 //                              keyDown = false;
 821
 822                         break;
 823                 case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
 824                         GUI::MouseDown(event.motion.x, event.motion.y, event.motion.state);
 825                         break;
 826                 case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP:
 827                         GUI::MouseUp(event.motion.x, event.motion.y, event.motion.state);
 828                         break;
 829                 case SDL_MOUSEMOTION:
 830                         GUI::MouseMove(event.motion.x, event.motion.y, event.motion.state);
 831                         break;
 832                 case SDL_WINDOWEVENT:
 833                         if (event.window.event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_LEAVE)
 834                                 GUI::MouseMove(0, 0, 0);
 835
 836                         break;
 837                 case SDL_QUIT:
 838                         running = false;
 839                 }
 840         }
 841
 842         // Handle power request from the GUI
 843         if (powerStateChangeRequested)
 844         {
 845                 if (GUI::powerOnState)
 846                 {
 847                         pauseMode = false;
 848                         SoundResume();
 849                         ResetApple2State();
 850                 }
 851                 else
 852                 {
 853                         pauseMode = true;
 854                         SoundPause();
 855 //NOPE                  SDL_SemWait(mainSem);//should lock until CPU thread is waiting...
 856 //                      ResetApple2State();
 857                 }
 858
 859                 powerStateChangeRequested = false;
 860         }
 861
 862 //#warning "!!! Taking MAJOR time hit with the video frame rendering !!!"
 863 //      if (!pauseMode)
 864         {
 865                 RenderVideoFrame();
 866         }
 867
 868         RenderScreenBuffer();
 869         GUI::Render(sdlRenderer);
 870         SDL_RenderPresent(sdlRenderer);
 871         SetCallbackTime(FrameCallback, 16666.66666667);
 872
 873 #ifdef CPU_CLOCK_CHECKING
 874 //We know it's stopped, so we can get away with this...
 875 counter++;
 876 if (counter == 60)
 877 {
 878         uint64_t clock = GetCurrentV65C02Clock();
 879 //totalCPU += (uint32_t)(clock - lastClock);
 880
 881         printf("Executed %u cycles...\n", (uint32_t)(clock - lastClock));
 882         lastClock = clock;
 883 //      totalCPU = 0;
 884         counter = 0;
 885 }
 886 #endif
 887 //Instead of this, we should yield remaining time to other processes... !!! FIX !!! [DONE]
 888 //lessee...
 889 //nope.
 890 //Actually, slows things down too much...
 891 //SDL_Delay(10);
 892 //      while (SDL_GetTicks() - startTicks < 16);       // Wait for next frame...
 893
 894 // This is the problem: If you set the interval to 16, it runs faster than
 895 // 1/60s per frame. If you set it to 17, it runs slower. What we need is to
 896 // have it do 16 for one frame, then 17 for two others. Then it should average
 897 // out to 1/60s per frame every 3 frames.
 898         frameCount = (frameCount + 1) % 3;
 899         uint32_t waitFrameTime = 17 - (frameCount == 0 ? 1 : 0);
 900
 901         while (SDL_GetTicks() - startTicks < waitFrameTime)
 902                 SDL_Delay(1);                                                   // Wait for next frame...
 903
 904         startTicks = SDL_GetTicks();
 905 #if 0
 906         uint64_t cpuCycles = GetCurrentV65C02Clock();
 907         uint32_t cyclesBurned = (uint32_t)(cpuCycles - lastCPUCycles);
 908         WriteLog("FrameCallback: used %i cycles\n", cyclesBurned);
 909         lastCPUCycles = cpuCycles;
 910 #endif
 911
 912 //let's wait, then signal...
 913 //works longer, but then still falls behind...
 914 #ifdef THREADED_65C02
 915         if (!pauseMode)
 916                 SDL_CondSignal(cpuCond);//OK, let the CPU go another frame...
 917 #endif
 918 }
 919
 920
 921 static void BlinkTimer(void)
 922 {
 923         flash = !flash;
 924         SetCallbackTime(BlinkTimer, 250000);            // Set up blinking at 1/4 sec intervals
 925 }
 926
 927
 928 /*
 929 Next problem is this: How to have events occur and synchronize with the rest
 930 of the threads?
 931
 932   o Have the CPU thread manage the timer mechanism? (need to have a method of carrying
 933     remainder CPU cycles over...)
 934
 935 One way would be to use a fractional accumulator, then subtract 1 every
 936 time it overflows. Like so:
 937
 938 double overflow = 0;
 939 uint32_t time = 20;
 940 while (!done)
 941 {
 942         Execute6808(&soundCPU, time);
 943         overflow += 0.289115646;
 944         if (overflow > 1.0)
 945         {
 946                 overflow -= 1.0;
 947                 time = 21;
 948         }
 949         else
 950                 time = 20;
 951 }
 952 */