[ardour-manual] / _manual / 11_working-with-tracks / 01_track-types.html

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layout: default
title: Track Types
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<p>
  Ardour offers three <dfn>track types</dfn> depending on the type of 
  data they contain, and differentiates between three <dfn>track modes</dfn>,
  depending on their recording behaviour.
</p>

<h2>Track types</h2>
<p>
  An Ardour track can be of type <dfn>audio</dfn> or <dfn>MIDI</dfn>,
  depending on the <dfn>data</dfn> that the track will primarily record 
  and play back. <em>However, either type of track can pass either 
  type of data.</em> Hence, for example, one might have a MIDI track that
  contains an instrument plugin; such a track would record and play back 
  MIDI data from disk but would produce audio, since the instrument plugin 
  would turn MIDI data into audio data.
</p>
<p>
  Nevertheless, when adding tracks to a session, you typically have an idea 
  of what you need to use the new tracks for, and Ardour offers you three 
  choices:
</p>
<dl class="narrower-table">
  <dt>Audio</dt>
  <dd>An <dfn>Audio Track</dfn> is created with a user-specified number of 
  inputs. The number of outputs is defined by the master bus channel count 
  (for details see <a href="#channelconfiguration">Channel Configuration</a> 
  below). This is the type of track to use when planning to work with 
  existing or newly recorded audio.</dd>
  <dt>MIDI</dt>
  <dd>A <dfn>MIDI track</dfn> is created with a single MIDI input, and a 
  single MIDI output. This is the type of track to use when planning to 
  record and play back MIDI. There are several methods to enable playback 
  of a MIDI track: add an instrument plugin to the track, connect the 
  track to a software synthesizer, or connect it to external MIDI hardware. 
  <p class="note">
    If you add an instrument plugin, the MIDI track outputs audio instead
    of MIDI data.
  </p></dd>
  <dt>Audio/MIDI</dt>
  <dd>There are a few notable plugins that can usefully accept both <dfn>Audio 
  and MIDI</dfn> data (Reaktor is one, and various "auto-tune" like plugins 
  are another).  It can be tricky to configure this type of track manually, 
  so Ardour allows you to select this type specifically for use with such 
  plugins. It is <em>not</em> generally the right choice when working normal 
  MIDI tracks, and a dialog will warn you of this.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="trackmodes">Track Modes</h2>
<p>
  Audio tracks in Ardour have a <dfn>mode</dfn> which affects how they behave 
  when recording:
</p>
<dl class="narrower-table">
  <dt>Normal</dt>
  <dd>Tracks in <dfn>normal mode</dfn> will record non-destructively &mdash; 
  new data is written to new files, and when overdubbing, new regions will be 
  layered on top of existing ones. This is the recommended mode for most workflows.
  </dd>
  <dt>Non-Layered</dt>
  <dd>Tracks using <dfn>non-layered mode</dfn> will record non-destructively
  &mdash; new data is written to new files, but when overdubbing, the existing 
  regions are trimmed so that there are no overlaps. This does not affect
  the previously recorded audio data, and trimmed regions can be expanded
  again at will. Non-layered mode can be very useful for spoken word material, 
  especially in combination with <a href="/editing-and-arranging/change-region-lengths/pushpull-trimming/">push/pull trimming</a>.
  </dd>
  <dt>Tape</dt>
  <dd><dfn>Tape-mode</dfn> tracks do <strong>destructive</strong> recording: 
  all data is recorded to a single file and if you overdub a section of existing 
  data, the existing data is destroyed irrevocably &mdash; there is no undo. 
  Fixed crossfades are added at every punch in and out point. This mode can be 
  useful for certain kinds of re-recording workflows, but it not suggested for normal 
  use.</dd>
</dl>
<img class="right" src="/images/a3_nonlayered_example.png" alt="normal and non-layered overdubbing comparision"
/>
<p>
  The screenshot on the right shows the subtle difference between an overdub 
  in <dfn>normal mode</dfn> (upper track) and one in <dfn>non-layered mode</dfn> 
  (lower track). Both tracks were created using identical audio data. <br />
  The upper track shows a new region which has been <dfn>layered on
  top</dfn> of the the existing (longer) region. You can see this if you look 
  carefully at the region name strips.<br />
  The lower track has split the existing region in two, trimmed each new
  region to create space for the new overdub, and inserted the overdub region 
  in between. 
</p>

<h2 id="channelconfiguration">Channel Configuration</h2>
<p>
  Ardour tracks can have any number of inputs and any number of outputs, and the 
  number of either can be changed at any time (subject to restrictions caused by 
  any plugins in a track). However it is useful to not have to configure this sort 
  of thing for the most common cases, and so the 
  <a href="/working-with-tracks/adding-tracks-and-busses/">Add Tracks</a> dialog allows you to 
  select "Mono", "Stereo" and few other typical multichannel presets<br />
  The name of the preset describes the number of <dfn>input channels</dfn>
  of the track or bus.
</p>
<p>
  If you have configured Ardour to automatically connect new tracks and
  busses for you, the number of outputs will be determined by the number of
  inputs of the <dfn>master <a
  href="/introducing-ardour/understanding-basic-concepts-and-terminology/#busses">bus</a></dfn>,
  to which the track outputs will be connected.<br />
  For example, if you have a two-channel master bus, then a Mono track has one 
  input and two outputs; a Stereo track has two inputs and two outputs.
</p>
<p class="note">
  If you you set <kbd class="menu">Edit &gt; Preferences &gt; Audio
  &gt; Connection of Tracks and Busses</kbd> to <kbd
  class="menu">manual</kbd>, then tracks will be left disconnected by default
  and there will be as many outputs as there are inputs. It is up to you to connect 
  them as you wish. This is not a particularly useful way to work unless you are doing 
  something fairly unusual with signal routing and processing. It is almost always 
  preferable to leave Ardour to make connections automatically, even if you later 
  change some of them manually.
</p>